Planning work activities

Planning involves defining the organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing plans for organizational work activities. ... reducing uncertainty, minimizing waste and redundancy, and establishing the goals or standards used in controlling.
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1. Planning Work Activities

2. The WHAT and WHY of Planning GOALS and Plans SETTING Goals and Developing Plans CONTEMPORARY Issues in Planning

3. The WHAT and WHY of Planning What is planning? Management function that involves setting goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities. Why do managers plan? Planning provides direction to managers and non managers alike. Planning reduces uncertainty by forcing managers to look ahead, anticipate change, consider the impact of change, and develop appropriate responses. Planning minimize waste and redundancy. Planning establishes the goals or standards used in controlling Planning and performance

4. GOALS and Plans Goals “Desired outcomes or targets” Plans “ Documents that outline how goals are going to be met” Types of goals Stated goals Official statements of what an organization says, and what it wants its various stakeholders to believe, its goals are. Real Goals Goals that an organization actually pursues, as defined by the actions of its members. Types of Plans

5. Types of Plans Breadth Time Frame Specificity Frequency of use

6. Breadth Time Frame Specificity Frequency of use Strategic Long term Directional Single use Operational Short term Specific Standing

7. Strategic Plans Plans that apply to the entire organization and establish the organization’s overall goals. Operational Plans Plans that encompass a particular operational area of the organization. Long term Plans Plans with a time frame beyond the years. Short term Plans Plans covering one year or less. Specific Plans Plans that clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation. Directional Plans Plans that are flexible and set out general guidelines. Single use Plans A one time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation. Standing Plans Ongoing plans that provide guidance for activities performed repeatedly.

8. SETTING Goals and Developing Plans Approaches to setting goals Traditional goals setting An approach to setting goals in which top managers set goals that then flow down through the organization and become sub goals for each organizational area. MOB Management by objectives A process of setting mutually agreed upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance. Approaches to planning

9. Steps in goals setting Review the organization’s mission or purpose. Evaluate available resources. Determine the goals individually. Write down the goals and communicate to all who need to know. Review results and whether goals are being met.

10. Steps in MBO The organization’s overall objectives and strategies are formulated. Major objectives are allocated among divisional and departmental units. Unit managers collaboratively set specific objectives for their units with their managers. Specific objectives are collaboratively set with all department members. Action plans designing how objectives are to be achieved, are specified and agreed upon by managers and employees. The action plans are Implemented. Progress towards objectives is periodically reviewed , and feedback is provided . Successful achievement of objectives is reinforced by performance based rewards .

11. Well written goals Written in terms of outcomes rather than actions. Measureable and quantifiable. Clear as to a time frame. Challenging yet attainable. Written down. Communicated to all necessary organizational members.

12. Developing plans Contingency factors in planning Organizational level. Degree of environmental uncertainty. Length of future commitment. Planning and organizational levels Approaches to planning Commitment concept Plans should extend far enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were develop. Formal planning department A group of planning specialist whose sole responsibility is helping to write organizational plans.

13. CONTEMPORARY Issues in Planning How can Managers plan effectively in Dynamic environment? pay attention to political, social, economic, and tech trends. be flexible. environmental scanning Screening inrfomation to detect emerging trends. Competitors intelligence Gathering information about competitors that allows managers to anticipate manager’s actions rather then merely react to them.

14. How can managers use environmental scanning? The first step is for an employer to gather information about the world in which it operates, including information about the economy, government, laws and demographic factors such as population size and distribution. Next, the organization should focus on its competitors. The company should examine the research for trends, opportunities and threats that might impact its business. The next step is to conduct an internal scan of the organization. Examine the company's strengths and weaknesses. Consider where the company is now and where it plans to be in five or 10 years. Interview or survey leaders of the company.