Plumbing course in HVAC design Lecture 1.pptx

Plumping lecture in HVAC design course

1. PLUMBING COURSE

2. LECTURE (1) plumbing systems Introduction , legend, abbreviations, symbols & applicable codes and standards FOR PLUMBING SYSTEMS. Domestic water storage tanks & pump roomS accessories, controllers and calculations, with case study.

3. PLUMBING SYSTEMS ARE ANY SYSTEM THAT CONVEYS FLUIDS FOR DIFFERENT PLUMBING APPLICATIONS COMPRISING ALL DIFFERENT PIPES, FITTINGS, FLOOR & SUSPENDED CLEAN-OUTS, VALVES , PLUMBING FIXTURES & TRIM, PLUMBING BOOSTER & SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS, WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, WATER STORAGE TANKS & PUMP ROOMS, FLOOR; ROOF; DECK; AREA; PLANTER; CANOPY; TERRACE; SHOWER; TREN C H & GARAGE DRAINS, GREASE & OIL INTERCEPTORS / TRAPS, LINT INTERCEPTORS, BULDING / GULLY TRAPS, NEUTRALIZATION BASINS, DRAIN SUMP PITS, MANHOLES, INSPECTION CHAMBERS, SOKAWAY INFILTRATION PITS, CESS PITS, SLOW DOWN / DECANTING CHAMBERS, WATER / WASTE WATER / SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS, ALSO, INCLUDING ALL REQUIRED DEVICES AND ACCESSORIES, METERS, STRAINERS, GAUGES, SOLENOIDS, AIR GAPS, BACKFLOW PREVENTERS, VACUUM BREAKERS, WATER HAMMER ARRESTORS, CONTROLS, etc…. . INTRODUCTION PLUMBING SYSTEMS 3

4. PLUMBING SYSTEMS SHALL CLARIFY ALL DIFFERENT BLOCK DIAGARMS, SCHEMATIC PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS & RISER DIAGRAMS, PLAN & DETAILED LAYOUTS INDICATING , FLOW AMOUNTS, FIXTURE UNITS, PRESSURE VALUES, VELOCITIES, FRICTION LOSSES, PIPING MATERIALS AND PIPE SIZES. PLUMBING SYSTEMS SHALL FOLLOW STRICTLY ALL DIFFERENT APPLICABLE INERNATIONAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION, CODES, STANDARDS AND INSTALLATION REGULATION REQUIREMENTS, IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE SAFE, CLEAN, STACKED, PLUMB , SEALED AND SANITIZED SYSTEMS. INTRODUCTION PLUMBING SYSTEMS 4

5. PRESSURIZED DOMESTIC POTABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS. SANITARY SEWAGE / WASTE WATER GRAVITY DRAINAGE AND VENT SYSTEMS. FORCED MAIN SEWAGE / WASTE WATER DISPOSAL DISCHARGE SYSTEMS. STORM WATER GRAVITY DRAINAGE & FORCED MAIN DISCHARGE SYSTEMS. PNEUMATIC COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS. SWIMMING POOL, FOUNTAIN & WATER FEATURES, FILTERATION, CIRCULATION, HEATING (IF REQUIRED) & DISINFICTION WATER SYSTEMS R.O. REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER TREATMENT DESALINATION AND SEWAGE / WASTE WATER TREAMENT PLANT SYSTMS. INTRODUCTION AS AN EXAMPLE FOR PLUMBING SYSTEMS THE FOLLOWING SYSTEMS COULD BE IDENTIFIED AS FOLLOWS: 5

6. EL KHOBAR HOSPITAL INTRODUCTION PRESSURIZED DOMESTIC POTABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS. 6

7. INTRODUCTION SANITARY SEWAGE / WASTE WATER GRAVITY DRAINAGE AND VENT SYSTEMS. EL KHOBAR HOSPITAL 7

8. INTRODUCTION PNEUMATIC COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS. LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM 8

9. INTRODUCTION SWIMMING POOL RESIDENTIAL, FILTERATION, CIRCULATION, HEATING & DISINFICTION WATER SYSTEMS 9

10. INTRODUCTION SWIMMING POOL OLYMPIC, FILTERATION, CIRCULATION, HEATING & DISINFICTION WATER SYSTEM S OLYMPIC POOL SYSTEM 10

11. INTRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM R.O. DESALINATION WATER TREAMENT PLANTS. 11

12. INTRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM SANITARY SEAWGE & WASTE WATER TREAMENT PLANTS. 12

13. GENERAL :- EVERY CONSTRUCTION EQUIPPED WITH PLUMBING FIXTURES AND OTHER DEVICES OR EQUIPMENT UTILIZED FOR HUMAN OCCUPANCY OR HABITATION, SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH COLD WATER SERVICE AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AT ADEQUATE FLOW, PRESSURE, AND VOLUME SUITABLE FOR USE AT EVERY FIXTURE/DEVICE THAT USES WATER, EVEN WHEN THE SYSTEM IS AT PEAK DEMAND. THE DESIGNER’S TASK IS TO ENSURE THAT THIS IS DONE IN A RELIABLE, COST-EFFECTIVE, CODE-COMPLIANT, AND SAFE MANNER. INTRODUCTION PRESSURIZED DOMESTIC COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS: 13

14. THERE ARE TWO MAIN COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS:- 1- POTABLE COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS: Water free from impurities, present in sufficient amounts without disease or harmful physiological effects and conforming to W.H.O, Public Health Service Drinking Water Organization, bacteriological and chemical analysis requirement standards, or the regulations of the public health authority having jurisdiction . 2- NON-POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS: It is the water which is not safe for drinking, personal or curinary utilization. Examples of such water are graywater, on-site reclaimed water, collected rainwater, captured condensate and rejected water from reverse osmosis systems. INTRODUCTION PRESSURIZED DOMESTIC COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS: 14

15. IT IS A PRESSURIZED PIPING SYSTEM THAT DISTRIBUTES WATER AT A TEMPERATURE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 110°F (43°C). A WELL-DESIGNED SYSTEM DELIVERS HOT WATER AT THE PRESCRIBED TEMPERATURE TO THE OUTLET WITH VERY LITTLE DELAY, THEREBY SATISFYING USERS AND AVOIDING THE WASTEFUL RUNNING OF WATER UNTIL THE DESIRED TEMPERATURE IS ACHIEVED, (HOT WATER CIRCULATED SYSTEMS). HOT WATER SHOULD BE AVAILABLE AT ANY TIME OF USE, DAY OR NIGHT, AND DURING LOW-DEMAND PERIODS AS WELL AS PEAK FLOWS. INTRODUCTION PRESSURIZED DOMESTIC HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS: 15

16. SANITARY SEWAGE / WASTE WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS: IT IS A PIPING SYSTEM WITHIN A PUBLIC OR PRIVATE PREMISES THAT CONVEYS SEWAGE / WASTE WATER, RAINWATER OR OTHER LIQUID WASTE TO A POINT OF DISPOSAL. SEWAGE SYSTEMS: SEWAGE IS ANY LIQUID WASTE CONTAINING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE MATTER IN SUSPENSION OR SOLUTION, INCLUDING LIQUIDS CONTAINING CHEMICALS IN SOLUTION. INTRODUCTION SANITARY SEWAGE / WASTE WATER, DRAINAGE AND VENT SYSTEMS 16

17. SOIL SEWAGE SYSTEM IT IS A SEWAGE SYSTEM THAT CONVEYS SEWAGE CONTAINING FECAL MATTER TO THE BUILDING DRAIN OR BUILDING EXTERNAL SEWER SYSTEM. WASTE WATER SEWAGE SYSTEM IT IS A DISCHARGE FROM ANY PLUMBING FIXTURE SUCH AS (LAVATORIES, SHOWERS, BATHTUBS…, ETC.) APPLIANCE, AREA OR APPURTENANCE THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN FECAL MATTER. INTRODUCTION TYPES OF SANITARY SEWAGE / WASTE WATER SYSTEMS: 17

18. IT IS A SYSTEM THAT IS INSTALLED TO PROVIDE AIR BALANCE OR FLOW OF AIR TO, OR FROM A DRAINAGE SYSTEM, OR TO PROVIDE A CIRCULATION OF AIR WITHIN SUCH SYSTEM TO PROTECT TRAP SEALS FROM, BEING DRIED, OR FROM SIPHONAGE AND BACKPRESSURE THAT COULD LEAD TO FOUL SMELL IF NOT PROVIDED, ALSO PREVENT AND STOPPING INSECTS, COCKROACHES, RATS OR MOUSSES FROM GETTING INSIDE BUILDINGS. INTRODUCTION VENT SYSTEMS: 18

19. IT IS A SYSTEM THAT INCORPORATES LIFTING WASTE WATER / SEWAGE BY ENTERING THE SEWAGE IN A HIGH-VELOCITY JET OF STREAM AIR OR WATER WHICH IS TYPICALLY DONE BY A SUBMERSIBLE PUMP. INTRODUCTION FORECED MAIN WASTE WATER / SEWAGE DISPOSAL DISCHARGE SYSTEMS: 19

20. IT IS A DRAINAGE SYSTEM THAT CARRIES RAINWATER, SURFACE WATER, SUBSURFACE WATER AND SIMILAR LIQUID WASTE THROUGH UNDERGROUND INFILTRATION PITS, CESSPITS, SOAK AWAY PITS…, ETC. TO DISCHARGE BELOW GRADE. INTRODUCTION STORM WATER GAVITY DRAINAGE & FORCED MAIN DISCHARGE SYSTEMS. 20

21. ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS 21

22. ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS 22

23. ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS 23

24. ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS 24

25. LINE TYPE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS IN AUTOCAD PROGRAM : LEGEND 25

26. LINE TYPE OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS IN AUTOCAD PROGRAM : LEGEND 26

27. PLUMBING SYSTEMS WILL BE DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL LOCAL EGYPATIAN CODES AND STANDARDS WITH REQUIREMENTS OF THOSE GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE PROJECT. ALL SYSTEMS WILL BE ALSO DESIGNED TO MEET THE GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA AND TECHNICAL GUIDELINES OF THE FOLLOWING APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODES AND STANDARDS CODES AND STANDARDS : 27

28. ABMA American Boiler Manufacturers Association. ADA American with Disabilities Act Guidelines . ANSI American National Standard Institute. ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating , and Air Conditioning Engineers. ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASPE American Society of Plumbing Engineers. ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineers. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials AWWA American Water Works Association. FM Factory Mutual. IPC International Plumbing Code. MSS Manufacturer’s Standardization Society  of the Valve and Fitting Industry.   NEC  National Electrical Code.   NFPA National Fire Protection Association. NPC National Plumbing Code. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODES AND STANDARDS CODES AND STANDARDS: 28

29. NSF National Sanitation Foundation. PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute. UL Underwriters Laboratories. UPC Uniform Plumbing Code. WHO  World Health Organization. BS   British Codes & Standards. DIN   German Codes & Standards. WRAS Water Regulations Auturary Scheme ISO 4633. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODES AND STANDARDS CODES AND STANDARDS: NSF National Sanitation Foundation Standard ANSI / NSF – 61 for water seals. SKZ ZERTIFIKATE, Certification body accredited Testing laboratory, tested and inspected to DIN EN ISO / IEC 17065 : 2013 . DVGW Topics &Services members Quality - Safety – Innovation Astoring Community For The Gas And Water Industry . TZW Technologiezertrum , Wasser research, consulting and testing ANSI / AWWA American National Standard Institute / C 111 / A21.11 American Water Works Association 29

30. OR: 2) PTFE , ( Polytetra Fluoro Ethylene), Elastomer, Rubber Neoprane or (Buna – N) Gaskets, glass fiber material, NSF /ANSI – 61. approved, manufactured of nylon tire cord and EPDM, both molded and cured in hydraulic presses. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODES AND STANDARDS CODES AND STANDARDS: As far as, WATER SEALS (Push –on & Mechanical Joint / Flange Gaskets), for drinking water, fire water, sanitary sewage / waste water & storm water systems, shall be as follows: EITHER : EPDM , (Ethylene Propylene Diene Menomer ), Rubber M- class. , approved by WRAS (Water Regulations Autorary Scheme) ISO 4633. , Confirming to ANSI / AWWA C111 / A21.11 and meet the requirements of the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) standard ANSI / NSF - 61 30

31. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODES AND STANDARDS الكود المصرى لأسس تصميم وشروط تنفيذ التركيبات الصحية للمبانى. الكود المصرى لتصميم وتنفيذ خطوط المواسير لشبكات مياه الشرب والصرف الصحى . Saudi Building Code كود البناء السعودى Saudi Sanitary Code – Plumbing SBC 701- CR-18 Saudi Sanitary Code – Private Sewage Disposal, SBC 702- CR-18 LOCAL EGYPTIAN /SAUDI CODES AND STANDARDS: 31

32. DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS DOMESTIC WATER STORAGE TANKS 2- WATRE TANK SERVICES 3- WATER TANK MATERIALS 4- WATER TANK COONNECTIONS 5- HOW TO CALCULATE TANK CAPACITY 1- WATER TANK LOCATIONS 32

33. 1- WATER TANK LOCATIONS ROOF TANK GROUND TANK UNDERGROUND TANK DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 33

34. DOMESTIC POTABLE WATER FIRE FIGHTING WATER IRRIGATION WATER 2- WATRE TANK SERVICES DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 34

35. DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS COMBINED WATER STORAGE TANK SECTION 35

36. COMBINED WATER STORAGE TANK ELEVATION DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 36

37. CONCRETE WATER TANK 3- WATER TANK MATERIALS STAINLESS STEEL WATER TANK POLYPROPYLENE WATER TANK GRP WATER TANK DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 37

38. 4- WATER TANK CONNECTIONS Access Door Openings & Ladders Drain Piping Systems Over Flow Piping Systems Water Filling Line Piping Systems Circulating & Disinfecting Piping Systems DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS Vent Piping Systems Suction Piping Systems 38

39. DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS Access Door Openings & Ladders Any water storage tank should have access doors with ladders to enable the process of cleaning and maintaining the water storage tank 39

40. Water Filling Line Piping Systems Filling pipe to be installed, above water level inside the tank and to be installed inside the pump room comprising a shutoff valve and a modulating control float valve connected to a float chamber. DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 40

41. FILLING MODULATING DEVICE TYPES OF WATER FILLING LINE PIPING SYSTEMS DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 41

42. Over Flow Piping Systems Over flow piping systems are installed because, if the float valve is not working, extra filling water can be avoided and can, consequently be drained through the overflow line to the drain. DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 42

43. Drain Piping Systems Drain piping systems are installed in the lowest level of the water tank to draw-off the water completely for maintenance and cleaning. DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 43

44. Vent Piping Systems Vent piping system is installed to balance pressure inside the tank during water filling and suction processes since it reliefs tank vapor pressure to the outside DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 44

45. Circulating Piping Systems Circulating Piping Systems inside the tank prevent stagnation of water that would lead to growth of algae and fungi in the water specially at corners and edges of the RC tanks. DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 45

46. Typical Link seal Penetration Detail Typical Details of the Flanged Puddle Flange Connection inserts Penetrating R.C Walls Between Water Tanks & Pump Rooms Typical Details of the Threaded Puddle Flange Connection inserts, Penetrating R.C Walls, Between Water Tanks & Pump Rooms TYPICAL PENETRATION DETAILS DOMESTIC WATER STOAGE TANKS 46

47. PUMP ROOM MAIN COMPONENTS 1- PUMPS PUMP ROOM 2- VALVES 3- WATER METERS 4- CONTROL DRIVER PANELS 47

48. VERTICAL MULTI STAGE PUMPS PUMP ROOM END SUCTION PUMPS VERTICAL SPLIT CASE PUMPS HORIZONTAL SPLIT CASE PUMPS IN LINE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS WATER DISINFECTION DOSING PUMP SYSTEMS 1- PUMPS 48

49. CHARACTERISTICS: THE ABILITY OF PUMPING WATER AT HIGHER PRESSURES HIGH EFFICIENCY COMPACT DESIGN PUMP ROOM A- VERTICAL MULTISTAGE PUMP 1- PUMPS 49

50. A SINGLE SUCTION PUMP IS A PUMP HAVING ITS SUCTION NOZZLE ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE CASING FROM THE STUFFING BOX AND HAVING THE FACE OF THE SUCTION NOZZLE PERPENDICULAR TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF THE SHAFT. PUMP ROOM B- END SUCTION PUMP 1- PUMPS 50

51. SPLIT CASE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS CHARACTERIZED BY A HOUSING THAT IS SPLIT PARALLEL TO THE SHAFT. Vertical Split case pump Horizontal Split case pump PUMP ROOM C- SPLIT CASE PUMP 1- PUMPS 51

52. IN-LINE PUMPS ARE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS, WHOSE PUMP DISCHARGE AND SUCTION INLETS AND OUTLETS LIE IN A STRAIGHT LINE OF PIPING PUMP ROOM D- INLINE PUMP 1- PUMPS 52

53. A- GATE VALVES PUMP ROOM B- OS&Y VALVES C- OS&Y VALVES with tamper switch D- CHECK VALVES E- GLOBE VALVES F- PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES 2- VALVES 53

54. Gate Valves are used when flow is required to be fully supplied without any reduction (It is either ON or OFF) PUMP ROOM 2- VALVES A- GATE VALVES 54

55. Outside screw & yoke valves are typically used when it is visibly required to determine whether a valve is opened or closed PUMP ROOM 2- VALVES B- OS&Y VALVES 55

56. OS&Y valves with tamper switches are used when it is required to monitor the normally opened FF system valves state, sending a signal to the fire alarm system, even with one quarter turn closing. PUMP ROOM 2- VALVES C- OS&Y VALVES with tamper switch 56

57. Check valves are used when backflow is required to be prevented. PUMP ROOM 2- VALVES D- CHECK VALVES 57

58. Globe valves are used when the flow is required to be partially or fully supplied. PUMP ROOM 2- VALVES E- GLOBE VALVE 58

59. Pressure reducing valves are used when the flow pressure is required to be reduced, either to protect end user or equipment or both. PUMP ROOM 2- VALVES F- PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES 59

60. THESE METERS USE VELOCITY TO MEASURE WATER VOLUME. THE FLOW TURNS AN IMPELLER, WHICH ROTATES AT A KNOWN SPEED COMPARED TO THE WATER SPEED. THESE WATER METERS HAVE INTERNAL STRAINER GRIDS TO PREVENT THE JETS FROM CLOGGING WITH WATER PARTICLES. THEY ARE USED FOR LOW-VOLUME MEASUREMENTS. PUMP ROOM 3- WATER METERS A- SINGLE & MULTI JET WATER METERS 60

61. THESE WATER METERS ARE USED FOR WATER PIPE DIAMETERS UP TO 12 INCHES ACROSS. THEY ARE USED FOR HIGH-VOLUME COMMERCIAL SITES SUCH AS LARGE OFFICE COMPLEXES AND FACTORIES. PUMP ROOM 3- WATER METERS B- TURBINE WATER METERS 61

62. THESE METERS CAN ACCURATELY MEASURE WATER USAGE IN CASES WHEN WATER FLOW CAN VARY FROM HIGH VELOCITY TO LOW VELOCITY. THEY HAVE TWO MEASURING COMPONENTS AND A VALVE TO CONTROL THE FLOW RATE. THE TURBINE METER HANDLES THE HIGH FLOW AND A MULTI-JET METER THE LOWEST FLOW RATES. THE UTILITY READER THEN DETERMINES THE TOTAL WATER USAGE. PUMP ROOM 3- WATER METERS C- COMPOUND WATER METERS 62

63. A PAIR OF ELECTROMAGNETS CAN MEASURE WATER FLOW BASED ON FLUID INDUCTION PRINCIPLES. ULTRASONIC METERS EMIT SOUND WAVES THROUGH THE WATER TO MEASURE ITS SPEED AND DERIVE A WATER FLOW RATE READING. THEY ARE USED IN LARGE-VOLUME APPLICATIONS AND FOR FLUIDS OTHER THAN WATER. PUMP ROOM 3- WATER METERS D- ELECTROMAGNETIC AND ULTRASONIC METERS 63

64. PUMP ROOM 3- WATER METERS E- PRE PAYED WATER METER 64

65. FIXED SPEED DRIVER PANELS CONTROL PUMP FLOW RATE BY A START AND STOP METHOD. THEY ARE INEXPENSIVE AND EASY TO MAINTAIN THEIR RUNNING COST IS HIGH BECAUSE OF HIGH ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION THE PUMP LIFE TIME IS SHORTER BECAUSE OF HIGH STARTING CURRENT PUMP ROOM 4- CONTROL DRIVER PANELS A- FIXED SPEED DRIVER PANELS 65

66. VARIABLE SPEED DRIVERS ARE USED TO CHANGE THE SPEED OF A MOTOR BY MODIFYING THE INPUT VOLTAGE, THUS IT CAN BE USED WITH BOTH AC AND DC MOTORS. THEIR RUNNING COST IS LOWER BECAUSE OF LOW ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION THE PUMP LIFE TIME IS LONGER BECAUSE OF LOWER STARTING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT PUMP ROOM 4- CONTROL DRIVER PANELS B- VARIABLE SPEED DRIVER PANELS 66

67. VARIABLE SPEED DRIVERS ARE USED TO CHANGE THE SPEED OF A MOTOR BY MODIFYING BOTH THE INPUT VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY, THUS IT CAN BE USED WITH ONLY AC MOTORS. THE PUMP LIFE TIME IS THE LONGEST BECAUSE OF LOWER STARTING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT, SINCE VARYING BOTH VOLTAGE & FREQUENCY SMOOTH MOTOR OPERATION THEIR RUNNING COST IS THE LOWEST BECAUSE OF THE HIGH ABILITY TO CONTROL DRIVER SPEED PUMP ROOM 4- CONTROL DRIVER PANELS C- VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVER PANELS 67

68. PUMP ROOM - LAYOUTS 68

69. PUMP ROOM-SECTIONS 69

70. PUMP ROOM, 3D REVITS 70