Political formations in the 18th century

Grade 7
CBSE
NCERT
Political Formation in the 18th Centuary

1. Political Formations in the 18
th

Century
11
By
Akbar Ali

2. Table of Content
•Later Mughals
•Independent Kingdom
–Awadh ,Bengal, Hyderabad, The Rajputs , Sikhs
•The Marathas
–Shivaji Bhonsle, War, Administration ,
•Peshwas
–Balaji vishwanath, Baji Rao I, Third Battle of Panipat

3. Later Mughals
•Decline of Mughals
•Last famous Mughal Ruler?
•1707 Aurangzeb died
•Bahadur Shah
•Farruksiyar – was a ruler only in name.
•Nadirshah , Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded Mughal Empire

4. Independent Kingdom
•Many regional kingdoms arose
–Awadh
–Bengal
–Hyderabad

5. Awadh
•Mughal Ruler , Muhammad Shah appointed Sadat Khan
the governor of Awadh.
•Sadat Khan was very strong, he suppressed the
rebellions
•Luknow - Capital
•He held combined office for
–Political Head ( Subdar)
–Military head ( Faujdar)
–Diwan ( Revenue)

6. Bengal
•Murhid Ali Khan –Was governor – Mughal
•Later he began to rule independently
•Capital – Murshidabad
•Administrations
–Encouraged Agriculture
–Industry, trade,
–Loans were given to poor farmers
–Later English captured this prosperous region .

7. Hyderabad
•Chin Qilich Khan was governor
•Known as “Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah”
•Admin –
–Appointed mansabdars

8. The Rajputs
•During the period of Aurangzeb , they revolted
•Most enlightened Rajput ruler was Swami Raja
Jai Singh
–Capital – Jaipur
–Important for Science, Astronomy

9. Punjab under Sikhs
•Fought against Mughals
•Sikhs became very strong under the leadership
of Guru Gobinda Singh
•He Organised the Sikhs into a military group
called Khalsa

10. Guru Gobind Singh’s Suggestions to the people
•Kesha – hair –
–It is the symbol of spirituality
•Kangha – Comb
–Symbol of cleanliness
•Kara- Bracelet
–Acts as a reminder to stop a person from wrong things
–Etc..

11. Mysore
•Adayar kingdom
•Haider Ali & Tippu Sulthan
–Rocket used in war
•They modernised their Army
•Established arsenal at Dindigul
•Constructed many roads
•They fought against English

12. The Marathas
•Shivaji– Powerful leader
–Family
–Father – Shivaji Bonsle
–Jija Bai – Mother
–Dadaji Kondadev - Teacher

13. Shivaji & his War
•Guerrilla warfare
•Fought against
–Bijapur
–Aurangzeb
•1674 He crowned himself as a king
•Title - Chatrapati

14. Administration
•Ashtapradhan – Council of ministers
•Peshwa – Head of council
•Senapati – Commander of Army
•Nyayadhish – Justice
•Majumdar- Finance
•Pant Sachiv – G. Secratry
•Sumanta – Foreign Affaires
•Mantri – Head of intelligence
•Dandadhyaksha – Religious matters

15. Revenue
•Collected Tax
•Two Types
–Chauth
–Sardeshmukhi
•Chauth – ¼ of the total land revenue
•Sardehsmukhi – Additional 10/1 of the land revenue.

16. The Peshawas
•It was position to equivalent of a modern
Prime Minister
•They also ruled Maratha after Shivaji
•Important Leader – Balaji Vishwanath
•Fought against to Mughals

17. Important Rulers
•Baji Rao I
•Balaji Baji Rao
Successor of Balaji Vishwanath
Conqured Malwa, Gujarath &Bundelkhand
Changed Capital from Satara to Poona

18. Third Battle of Panipat - 1761
•Between Maratha & Ahammad Shah
Abdali
•Later Marathas failed
•Ahamad Shah returned to Afgan
•It helped English East India
Company