Polyketides, Macrolides & Bioengineering in the production of novel natural Products

Polyketides,
Macrolides & Bioengineering in the production of novel natural Products

1. Presented By: Tanmoy Sarkar Student ID: MS- 231123 MS 1 st Year, 1 st Term Pharmacy Discipline Khulna University Khulna Polyketides, Macrolides & Bioengineering in the production of novel natural Products

2. Polyketides are a class of organic compounds produced through a biosynthetic process known as polyketide synthase (PKS). They are composed of multiple units of acetyl-CoA or other short carbon chains that are joined together by a complex enzyme system. (Gokulan, Khare et al. 2014) Biosynthesis of orsellinic acid from polyketide intermediate Polyketides

3. Sources Polyketides can be found in a variety of natural sources ( Sieber and Marahiel 2003), such as:

4. Therapeutic Uses of Polyketides

5. Polyketides Tetracycline Orsellinic acid Alternariol

6. Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that contain a macrocyclic lactone ring and are primarily used to treat bacterial infections.. ( Gajdács 2019) Macrolides Erythromycin Roxithromycin

7. Mode of action: Macrolides work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. This results in the bacteriostatic effect of macrolides which prevents bacterial growth and replication. ( Gajdács 2019)

8. Therapeutic uses:

9. Side Effects of Macrolides

10. Bioengineering in the production of novel natural products Bioengineering involves the manipulation of living organisms or their metabolic pathways to produce desired compounds. This is achieved by introducing or manipulating genes that encode enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the target compound. (Guo, Yao et al. 2022) Examples: Production of Human Insulin Production of Polyclonal Antibodies Production of Artemisinin Production of Vanillin

11. Human Insulin Production

12. Production of Polyclonal Antibodies

13. References Gokulan , K., S. Khare and C. Cerniglia (2014). "METABOLIC PATHWAYS| production of secondary metabolites of bacteria.“ Sieber , S. A. and M. A. Marahiel (2003). "Learning from Nature's Drug Factories: Nonribosomal Synthesisof MacrocyclicPeptides ." Journal of bacteriology 185(24): 7036-7043. Khosla, C. (2009). "Structures and mechanisms of polyketide synthases." The Journal of organic chemistry 74(17): 6416-6420. Gajdács , M. (2019). " Commentary:“the development of an ideal antibiotic compound: a fairy tale or a possible reality?”." Journal of Infectiology 2(2): 18-20. Guo, L., H. Yao, W. Chen, X. Wang, P. Ye, Z. Xu, S. Zhang and H. Wu (2022). "Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era." Horticulture Research 9. Kurhekar , J. V. (2020). Antimicrobial lead compounds from marine plants. Phytochemicals as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery, Elsevier: 257-274. Tidgewell , K., B. R. Clark and W. H. Gerwick (2010). "2.06-The natural products chemistry of cyanobacteria." Comprehensive Natural Products II 2.