Population explosion

Population explosion is the phenomenon of the size of a population tending to a very large number in a finite interval of time is called population explosion i.e., rapid increase in population for a long time may be termed as "population explosion".
Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for long time may lead to population explosion.

The literal meaning of population is "the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region".
The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration.
Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality.
The population change is calculated by the formula:
Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)
Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.
Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian.
India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population every fortnight.
India adds one Australia every eight months.
By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as the world's most populous country.
49% of the increase in India's population is from four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP.

1. Population Explosion Presented by: Harsh Rastogi , Nursing Tutor, M.S. Institute of Nursing, Lucknow

2. Introduction Current Population of India in 2010 is around 1,150,000,000 (1.15 billion) people. Currently , India is 2 nd largest country in the world after China in terms of population. By 2030, the population of India will be largest in the world estimated to be around 1.53 billion. With only 2.4% worlds land area India is supporting 16% of the world's population .

3. Cont… There has been rapid increase in Indian population in the last 60 years. While global population has increased threefold during this century, from 2 billion to 6 billion, the population of India has increased nearly five folds form 28 million to 1 billion. Population of India at the time of Independence was only 350 million. So Indian Population has increased more than three times .

4. Meaning of Population Explosion The literal meaning of population is "the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region ". ( Webster's dictionary) The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration. Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality .

5. Cont… The population change is calculated by the formula: Population change = ( Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)

6. Definition Population explosion is the phenomenon of the size of a population tending to a very large number in a finite interval of time is called population explosion i.e., rapid increase in population for a long time may be termed as "population explosion ". Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for long time may lead to population explosion.

7. Cont… Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. (Encyclopaedia)

8. Bare Facts about Population Explosion Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian. India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population every fortnight. India adds one Australia every eight months. By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as the world's most populous country. 49% of the increase in India's population is from four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP .

9. Cont… India's population has been steadily increasing since 1921. The year 1921 is called the big divide because the absolute number of people added to the population during each decade has been on the increase since 1921. India's population is currently increasing at the rate of 16 million each year.

10. Causes of Population Explosion The birth and death rates are important components of population growth. High Birth Rate Declining Death Rate Impact of National Health Programmes Improvement in Food Supply International Aid Use of Social Media

11. A. High Birth Rate India like other developing countries is faced with the dilemma of a high birth rate and a declining death rate.

12. Cont… The causes of high birth rates are : Universality of marriage Early marriage Low standard of living Gender difference Low level of literacy Traditional customs and habit Absence of family planning habit Lack of sex education

13. Cont… Universality of marriage: In India marriage is universal for everyone. Everyone sooner or later gets married and participate in reproduction. The individual's economic security and emotional maturity are seldom as pre-requisite to marriage .

14. Cont… Early marriage: In India marriages are per formed early. Data indicates about 60% of girls aged 15-19 years are already married.

15. Cont… Low standard of living: As poor parents thinks that more children means workforce and lead to more earning in the family thus they want to have more children for their earning source.

16. Cont… Gender difference: A woman is in disadvantaged group suffered more from disease and death . Gender inequality is linked with higher fertility, poor nutrition, STD and unwanted pregnancies.

17. Cont… Low level of literacy: The 2011 census showed that only 74.04% of the population was literate. The female literacy rate was 64 60% and the female literacy is still lower especially in the rural area .

18. Cont… Traditional customs and habit: Some customs dictate that every woman must marry and every man must have a son. Children are considered a gift of God and their birth should not be obstructed.

19. Cont… Absence of family planning habit: Unfavourable religious attitude towards family planning and lack of information about the family planning services .

20. Cont… Lack of sex education: Sex is considered a tar boo and a social stigma and the general population of India has, have to come out of its orthodox shell and are yet to embrace upon a more condescending and liberal approach.

21. B. Declining Death Rate The declining death rates have been attributed to Mass control of diseases such as small pox, plague etc .

22. Cont… Advancement in medical science technologies like use of chemotherapeutic drugs, antibiotics and insecticides etc. Better health facilities such as establishment and strengthen primary health centres and treatment centres.

23. C. Impact of National Health Programmes A variety of national health programs were launched by Indian government these programs also contribute major role to decline death rates.

24. D. Improvement in Food Supply In more recent years the technology has produced a broader variety of techniques, new kind of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and more sophisticated technology.

25. E. International Aid In several directions such as financial support for health services.

26. F. Use of Social Media Improvement in health consciousness of society through mass media.

27. Impact of population explosion As population grows, it affects health and socio-economic conditions of individual, community and country Moderate population growth is considered essential because it promotes socio-economic developments as there is increasing demand and market for various goods and opportunity for employment for people. But when population increases faster it has its impact on natural and men made resources and socio-economic conditions .

28. Cont… The natural resources get exhausted: Agriculture and economy Food and nutrition Literacy and education Clothing Housing Water supply and environment Health care services Employment Urbanization

29. 1. Agriculture and economy India is a developing country About 70% people live in rural areas Their main source of income is agriculture several millions of them are either marginal farmers or worked on hired labour and struggle for bare necessities of In addition, India has rapid population growth and limited cultivation land area

30. Cont… This further decrease per capita agriculture production and causes decline in per capita income. To supplement marginal income farmers, employ their children in the farms. This becomes a motivational factor for having large size family.

31. 2. Food and nutrition The most direct impact of rapid population growth is on feeding the ever-increasing large population and on maintaining their nutritional status Rapid population growth is one of the factors responsible for decreased per capita consumption and quality of food. The most affected sections of population are women and children .

32. Cont… Only 15-20% of Indians get adequate calories daily. Poor nutrition lowers the productivity of workers it also leads to malnutrition and other nutritional deficiency diseases such as anaemia, blindness etc. So, it affects to country's level of development and of the overall health status of its people.

33. 3. Literacy and education Literacy rate has been increased gradually but the absolute number of illiterates has been increased because of population in creases. The numbers of educational institutes, universities have increased significantly but could not keep pace with the growing demands of increasing population.

34. 4. Clothing Next to food, clothing is basic necessity of human beings. These demands are barely being met partially because of low increase in per capita income , poverty and large family size and partially because of scarcity due to rapid population in spite of their increased production.

35. 5. Housing It is also basic necessity of human beings. There is increasing number of family members in a family so there are no sufficient houses for the increasing population.

36. Cont… There are a large number of people who live without houses. Poverty also increasing this problem but increasing population is main responsible for that.

37. 6. Water supply and environment There has been sufficient increase in sale water supply, transport facilities but these could not meet the demands of increasing population due to rapid population growth. The increasing population has created problem of management of large quantity of waste and maintenance of sanitation in both rural and urban areas.

38. Cont… Forests are being deforested to satisfy the needs of increasing population. This effecting ecological changes like soil erosion change in weather conditions and rain fall etc . All these have implication on agriculture production, socio-economic conditions and health of people.

39. Cont… There has been overall degradation of environment, e.g., pollution of air, water and soil, etc. This is mainly due to increasing transport facilities, industrialization and urbanization which were required to meet demands of increasing population.

40. 7. Health care services Since independence there has been significant improvement in health care intra structure both in urban and rural areas but these have been inadequate, inaccessible and have not been able to have optimal impact. Rapid increase in population has been one of the reasons for this.

41. 8. Employment Increasing population has increased magnitude of the problem of unemployment. In spite of jobs being created and filled and opportunities being provided for self-employment, the number of unemployed as outnumbered the employment opportunities because of ever increasing young population due to rapid population growth.

42. Cont… Also because of low literacy and lack of technical skills the cheap labour is made available in plenty in labour market. This situation also affecting the national productivity and per capita income .

43. 9. Urbanization This low socio-economic situation also pressurizes rural people to migrate to urban area for employment which create socio-economic problem in urban areas. The urbanization of rural people is the main source of slums in big metropolitan cities.

44. Cont… Urbanization is also resulting in loss of rural areas as about 6 million acres of rural land has been taken over by the cities over the last fifty years.

45. Impact of Population Explosion on socio-economic development of country As a result of high fertility and comparatively high mortality, India has extremely large young population. Because of huge young population dependency rate is very high. Any population with percentage of dependence and small percentage of working people will be economically backward. With the large dependent population, the per capita income and standard of life cannot improve. Even with a remarkable increase in national income the per capita income of Indians is still very poor, the large population is mainly responsible for this .

46. Conclusion So rapid growth of population in our country has a tremendous impact on our natural and manmade resources which are already limited in comparison to population. Although there have been developments in all the resources like food, clothing, housing, education, employment, health services etc. but could not keep pace with demands of increasing population. If this situation continues, there will be vicious circle of poverty, underdevelopment and high population which increasing day by day, but this increase is very slow because of rapid growth of population.

47. Thank You!