Positive emotions 3.0

Positive Emotions

1. Positive Emotions Dr. Suresh Kumar Murugesan PhD Yellow Pond

2. About the Presenter Dr.Suresh Kumar Murugesan is a passionate Professor, researcher and Mental Health Practitioner from Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India At present he is heading the PG Department of Psychology, The American College, Madurai He is very keen in research studies and open to learn. His ultimate aim is to make impression in the field of Knowledge His area of specializations are Psychomentry, Psychotherapy, Positive Psychology, Education Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Cyber Psychology etc He has published 30 journal articles, 50 Conference and seminar proceedings Organised more than 500 webinars and acted as a resource person for 175 + webinar session Received 4 Awards and delivered 25+ Radio Talks Qualified UGC NET in Psychology and Education, Central Teacher Eligibility Test Published three books Yellow Pond

3. Disclaimer This presentation is prepared for learning purpose only and all the images and pictures used in this presentation are taken from google image search. Due recognition was given to all the material collected from the various sources. Any name or reference is missed kindly bring it to the notice of the presenter for inclusion. Email - [email protected] Thank you Yellow Pond

4. Emotion "A strong feeling derived from one's circumstances , mood , or relationships with others . Ex - Love, Anger etc Yellow Pond

5. Emotion Emotion is a process of subjective feelings, physiological arousal, cognitive and behavioural expression and interpretation Yellow Pond

6. Emotion - Origin The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir , which means "to stir up". Yellow Pond

7. Emotion - Origin The word "emotion" was coined in the early 1800s by Thomas Brown and it is around the 1830s that the modern concept of emotion first emerged for the English language. Yellow Pond

8. Emotion - Research Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades with many fields contributing including psychology, neuroscience, affective neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history, sociology of emotions, and computer science. Yellow Pond

9. Emotion - Types Emotions can be occurrences (e.g., panic) or dispositions (e.g., hostility), and short-lived (e.g., anger) or long-lived (e.g., grief) Yellow Pond

10. Positive thinking or talking mainly about the good things in a situation to feel hopeful and confident. Yellow Pond

11. Positive Emotion Positive emotions are emotions that we typically find pleasurable to experience. Yellow Pond

12. Positive Emotion The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology defines them as “ pleasant or desirable situational responses… distinct from pleasurable sensation and undifferentiated positive affect ” (Cohn & Fredrickson, 2009). Yellow Pond

13. Yellow Pond

14. Factors of Positive Emotion

15. Yellow Pond

16. Theories of Positive Emotion Yellow Pond

17. S. No. Theory Key Researcher(s) Key Proposition 1 Broaden and Build Theory Fredrickson Positive emotions broaden awareness over a time and enable building of resources. 2 Flow Theory Mihály Csíkszentmihályi Flow is focused motivation involving single minded immersion in an appropriately challenging goal based activity 3 Hope Theory Snyder Hope is a perceived ability to produce pathways to achieve desired goals and motivation to use those pathways 4 Psychological Wellbeing Ryff and Keyes Psychological wellbeing involves not only the absence of illness, but the presence of something positive growth, positive relationship, autonomy purpose and environmental mastery 5 Self Determination Theory Deci and Ryan There are different types of motivation for activities ranging from those that feel intrinsic to those that feel extrinsic. Conditions will meet our psychological needs differently through our sense of autonomy, competence and relatedness. In turn this impacts our quality of motivation 6 Strengths Theory Peterson/ Seligman Linley Individuals have personal strengths that can be measured reliably across cultures 7 Wellbeing (PERMA) Theory Seligman Wellbeing can be achieved through five key pathways: Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationship, meaning and accomplishment

18. Studies on Positive Emotions Yellow Pond

19. Increased positive emotion can build physical, intellectual, social and psychological resources (B. L. Fredrickson, Tugade, Waugh, & Larkin, 2003). Yellow Pond

20. Positive emotions can undo the effects of negative emotions (Garland et al., 2010); and promote resilience (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004). Yellow Pond

21. Positive emotions can predict a longer life-span (Danner, Snowdon, & Friesen, 2001; Levy, Slade, Kunkel, & Kasl, 2002; Xu & Roberts, 2010). Yellow Pond

22. Positive emotions can broaden cognition and help people be accepting of a greater variety of behaviours (Isen, 1993). Yellow Pond

23. Increases in positive emotions are shown to have a more significant impact on employee wellbeing and a range of other people and performance-related outcomes, than a comparable reduction in levels of employee negative emotions (Cotton & Hart, 2003; Hart, Caballero & Cooper, 2010). Yellow Pond

24. Positive emotional styles can help prevent and speed-up recovery from illness, including the common cold (Sheldon. Cohen, Doyle, Turner, Alper, & Skoner, 2003), and stress and heart disease (B. L. Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998). Yellow Pond

25. Leaders who are seen as more positive tend to have followers who are more positive (Avey, Avolio, & Luthans, 2011). Yellow Pond

26. S. No. Key Researcher(s) Key Proposition 1 B. L. Fredrickson, Tugade, Waugh, & Larkin, 2003 Increased positive emotion can build physical, intellectual, social and psychological resources 2 Garland et al., 2010 and Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004 Positive emotions can undo the effects of negative emotions (Garland et al., 2010); and promote resilience (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004). 3 Isen, 1993 Positive emotions can broaden cognition and help people be accepting of a greater variety of behaviours 4 Danner, Snowdon, & Friesen, 2001; Levy, Slade, Kunkel, & Kasl, 2002; Xu & Roberts, 2010 Positive emotions can predict a longer life-span 5 Avey, Avolio, & Luthans, 2011 Leaders who are seen as more positive tend to have followers who are more positive 6 Sheldon. Cohen, Doyle, Turner, Alper, & Skoner, 2003, B. L. Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998 Positive emotional styles can help prevent and speed-up recovery from illness, including the common cold (Sheldon. Cohen, Doyle, Turner, Alper, & Skoner, 2003), and stress and heart disease (B. L. Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998). 7 Cotton & Hart, 2003; Hart, Caballero & Cooper, 2010 Increases in positive emotions are shown to have a more significant impact on employee wellbeing and a range of other people and performance-related outcomes, than a comparable reduction in levels of employee negative emotions

27. Strategies to Develop Positive Emotions Yellow Pond

28. 1. Seek Distraction Stay busy concentrate on other things (like work or chores); daydream to forget troubled feelings; watch television; help others Yellow Pond

29. 2 . Self Reward Engage in hobby or any other pleasurable activity (e.g. shopping, have fun, listen music, socialize , or eat candy) Yellow Pond

30. 3 . Vent Let off steam; express the feeling; tell people about the feeling write about the feeling Yellow Pond

31. 4 . Repress Suppress the feeling Inhibit the expression Active forgetting Use tranquilizers , alcohol or drug Act happy Yellow Pond

32. 5 . Think Positively Think about happy things Look on the bright side Focus attention on successes on other areas of life Think about an anticipated pleasurable future event Yellow Pond

33. 6. Trivialize Play down the bad feelings It is not as bad as seems Downward social comparison There is someone else who is worse off Use humour Yellow Pond

34. 7. Seek Relaxation Use relaxation technique Use stress management activities Stretch Breath control Exercise Yellow Pond

35. 8. Seek Refreshment Take shower Splash water on Face Go outside Get some fresh air Yellow Pond

36. 9. Reduce Demand Reduce workload Walk away from Abandon, Cancel or postpone activities, Situations or responsibilities Lower aspiration level Yellow Pond

37. 10. Avoid New Demands Make resolutions to avoid future demands Avoid demanding situations, responsibilities or activities Turn down request Yellow Pond

38. 11. Withdraw Try to be alone Not talk to people Avoid eye contact Put out phone Avoid stimulation Close curtains Stay home Yellow Pond

39. 12. Eliminate energy drainers Eliminate stimuli that cost energy such as noise, bad smells, bright lights and playing radios Yellow Pond

40. 13. Rest Take a break Close eyes Nap Go to bed early Yellow Pond

41. 14. Energise Exercise Eat something Drink coffee or caffeinated beverage Yellow Pond

42. 15. Seek Social Support Ask for help Look for advice or guidance Pray for help Yellow Pond

43. 16. Rationale Put feelings in perspective Treat mood in the abstract As a piece of information Try to understand the feelings Yellow Pond

44. 17. Analyse Analyse situation to determine mood causes Keep a diary to track mood Use biofeedback systems Yellow Pond

45. 18. Transform Creativity Express the writing about the mood Use mood as the basis for creative expression Yellow Pond

46. 19. Embrace Allow the bad feelings Accept or appreciate the mood Yellow Pond

47. 20. Detach Distinguish between the self and the mood Medidate Engage in mindfulness Engage in spiritual or religious activity Yellow Pond

48. Yellow Pond

49. References https://slideplayer.com/slide/9193523/ http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/2167/691 https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-emotions-2795178 https://www.pfizer.com/health-wellness/wellness/what-is-wellness https://www.snc.edu/wellnessbydesign/ https://drkumarpsychologist.wordpress.com/2019/05/06/mental-wellness-visually-explained/ https://www.lovingrootsproject.com/allblogposts/tips-for-mental-wellness-amid-covid-19 https://medium.com/@tommychristopoulou/positivity-is-the-key-to-success-and-happiness-c5e46277cb36 https://blogs.shipleyschool.org/supporting-well-being-with-perma-positive-emotions https://discoveryinaction.com.au/wellbeing-and-the-perma-model/ http://maghouinbeg.blogspot.com/2018/12/20-days-mental-wellness.html https://ulladulla-h.schools.nsw.gov.au/news/2019/2/flourishing-students---gold-standard-wellbeing.html https://mappalicious.com/2016/02/08/infographic-building-blocks-of-the-good-life-perma-v/ https://www.stac.school.nz/why-stac/well-being-at-stac/perma-v/ https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/wellbeing-recovery-and-mental-health/science-of-wellbeing-and-positive-psychology/CECF4433A7DCE7BB5385C9AA5E890972/core-reader https://twitter.com/PESA_Aus/status/1020502012855586816/photo/1 https://positivepsychology.com/happiness-wellbeing-coaching-perma/ https://positivepsychology.com/perma-model/ https://www.wellbeingandresilience.com/sites/swrc5/media/pdf/permaandcentreoverview.pdf Yellow Pond

50. Components of Emotion According to Scherer's Component Process Model (CPM) of emotion,there are five crucial elements of emotion. Cognitive appraisal Bodily symptoms Action tendencies Expression Feelings Yellow Pond

51. Cognitive appraisal It provides an evaluation of events and objects. Yellow Pond

52. Bodily symptoms Bodily symptoms : the physiological component of emotional experience. Yellow Pond

53. Action tendencies Action tendencies : a motivational component for the preparation and direction of motor responses. Yellow Pond

54. Expression Expression : facial and vocal expression almost always accompanies an emotional state to communicate reaction and intention of actions. Yellow Pond

55. Feelings Feelings : the subjective experience of emotional state once it has occurred Yellow Pond

56. Broaden and Build Theory by Fredrickson Yellow Pond

57. Positive Emotions Positive emotion is more than just ‘happiness’. There are a range of positive emotions, including serenity, inspiration, amusement, hope, interest, joy, love, compassion, gratitude, and pride. Part of our capacity for experiencing positive emotions is genetic, but all of us have the ability to purposefully experience more positive emotion. Yellow Pond

58. Barbara Fredrickson Professor Barbara Fredrickson is a pioneer in the research of positive emotions. She believes that positive emotions are an indicator of flourishing, and that they can be cultivated to improve wellbeing over time (Fredrickson, B.L., 2001). Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build Theory says that positive emotions such as joy, interest, contentment, love and pride can broaden, or increase, our thoughts and actions. By exploring, savouring, integrating or visualising future success, positive emotions can broaden our habitual ways of thinking or acting to deliver a better result or feelings about life. Yellow Pond

59. Yellow Pond

60. S. No Emotion Label Appraisal theme Thought action Tendency Resource accrued 1 Gratitude Receive a gift or benefit Creative urge to be prosocial Skills for showing care, loyalty, social bonds 2 Serenity (Contentment) Safe, Familiar, low effort Savor and Integrate New priorities, new views of self 3 Hope Fearing the worst, yearning for better Plan for a better future Resilience, Optimism 4 Interest Safe, Novel Explore, Learn Knowledge 5 Love An interpersonal connection Mutual Care Social bonds 6 Pride Socially valued achievement Dream big Achievement motivation 7 Amusement Non Serious social incongruity Share joviality laugh Social bond 8 Awe Encounter beauty or goodness on a grand scale Absorb and accommodate New world view 9 Joy Safe, familiar, unexpectedly good Play, get involved Skills gained via experiential learning 10 Inspiration Witness human excellence Strive toward own higher ground Motivation for personal growth

61. Yellow Pond

62. Yellow Pond

63. Yellow Pond

64. Yellow Pond

65. Yellow Pond

66. Yellow Pond

67. Flow Theory Yellow Pond

68. Yellow Pond

69. Yellow Pond

70. Yellow Pond

71. Wellbeing (PERMA-V) Theory Yellow Pond

72. Yellow Pond

73. Yellow Pond

74. Yellow Pond

75. Yellow Pond

76. Emotion - Components Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. Yellow Pond