Power Sharing Class 10 Complete With Case Study

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1. POWER SHARING Made by: SHREYAANS M. NAHATA PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL , JALGAON [ 10 TH RUBY 29 ]

2. Belgium is a small country in Europe It share its borders with France, Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg The ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex Brussels is the capital of Belgium CASE STUDY OF BELGIUM

3. Sri Lanka is an island nation It is a few kilometres off the southern c oast of Tamil Nadu Tamil natives of Sri Lanka are called “ Sri Lankan Tamils ” ‘ Indian Tamils ’ are those whose fore f athers came from India as plantation workers during the colonial period CASE STUDY OF SRI LANKA

4. Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948 The democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to adopt a Sinhala supremacy In 1956 an act was passed to declare Sinhala as official language The government recognised Sinhala applicants for university jobs and governments jobs MAJORITARIANISM IN SRI LANKA

5. The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities They amended their constitution four times between 1970 and 1993 ACCOMODATION IN BELGIUM

6. Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French–speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government The state governments are not subordinate to the central government Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation Apart for the central and state government there is a third kind of government elected by people called as “ community government ” ELEMENTS OF BELGIAN MODEL

7. Power sharing is desirable because of prudential and moral reasons Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce conflicts between social groups Imposing the will of majority c ommunity undermines the unity of the nation Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise , and those who have to live with its effect WHY POWER SHARING?

8. Khalil lived in the city of Beirut Khalil’s father was an orthodox C hristian and mother was a S unni Muslim People from various communities living in Lebanon came to live in Beirut , its capital Lebanon’s leader laid down some basic rules for power sharing among different communities KHALIL’S DILEMMA

9. As per these rules, the country’s president must being to the Maronite sect of Catholic Christians The Prime Minister must be a Sunni Muslim The Deputy Prime Minister’s post is fixed for the Orthodox Christians The position of the speaker id for the Shi’a Muslim CONTINUED…

10. Khalil is not happy with the rules laid down by the Lebanese leaders He is a popular man with a political ambition He does not follow any religion , neither his fathers’ nor his mothers’ As per Khalil, an election (referendum) should be held KHALIL’S SUGGESTION

11. Everyone should be allowed to participate The one with the maximum votes should be elected as the President no matter which community he/she belongs to On the other hand, his elders who have seen bloodshed in the civil war, are happy with the present system i.e. position reserved for a particular community only because this system guarantees for peace CONTINUED…

12. Power is shared among different organs of the government: This is known as horizontal distribution of power This results in a balance of power among various institutions The system of checks and balances ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited powers FORMS OF POWER SHARING

13. Power is shared among governments at different levels This is known as F ederal Government It is a general government for the entire country Example: In India, we have Central or the Union Government CONTINUED…

14. Power is share among different social groups: This is known as ‘ Community Government ’ This type of arrangement is made to give a place in the government , to the diverse social groups who feel ignored by the government This method is used to give fair share in power to minority communities CONTINUED…

15. Power shared among political parties, pressure groups etc. In a democracy, the citizens must have freedom to choose from the various contenders This takes the form of competition amongst different parties Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand In a democracy , we find interest groups such as traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and workers CONTINUED…

16. Some other types of power sharing are: Referendum Decentralisation Bicameral MORE TO COME…

17. With this chapter, we resume the tour of democracy that we started last year We noted last year that in a democracy all power does not rest with any one organ of the government An intelligent sharing of power among legislature, executive and judiciary is very important to the design of a democracy CONCLUSION

18. We start with two stories from Belgium and Sri Lanka. Both these stories are about how democracies handle demands for power-sharing The stories yield some general conclusions about the need for power-sharing in democracy This allows us to discuss various forms of power-sharing that will be taken up in the following two chapters CONTINUED…

19. That’s it folks…