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1. POWER AND POLITICS Power and politics play significant roles in organisation influncing decision making,resources allocation and overall dynamics within the workplace. Understanding how power and politics operate with in an organization is crucial for individual and leaders to navigate and manage effectively.

2. POWER Power refers to the ability of an individual or group to influence others and control resources decisions and outcomes within an organization. A person can have power over if he or she controls something you desire. For example : If you want a college degree and have to pass a certain course to get it, and your current instructor is the only faculty member in the college who teaches that course, he or she has power over you.

3. BASES OF POWER Bases or sources of power divided into two general grouping -formal and informal power. FORMAL POWER Formal power is based on individual’s position in an organisation. Formal power can come from the ability to coerce or reward, or it can come from the formal authority. COERCIVE POWER The coercive power base is dependent on fear. It is the ability of a manager to force an employee to follow an order by threatening the employee with punishment if the employee does not obey with the order.

4. Examples : threats of writes-ups Demotions (reduction in rank) Pay cuts,layoffs Terminations if employees don’t follow orders. REWARD POWER Reward power is simply the power of a manager to give some type of reward to an employee as a means to influence the employee to act. Rewards can be tangible or intangible.

5. Tangible Reward: Tangible rewards are physical things such as monetary awards, salary increases, bonuses, certificates, medals and gifts. Intangible Reward: Intangible rewards are not physical things, but can be more effective such as praise, positive feedback, recognition. LEGITIMATE POWER Legitimate power is power you derive from your formal position or office held in the organization’s hierarchy of authority. Example The president of a corporation has certain powers because of the office he holds in the corporation.

6. Personal Power Personal power comes from individual’s uniques characteristics. There are two bases of personal power: expertise ( skills) and the respect and admiration of others. Expert Power Expert power is power based upon employees perception that a manager or some other member of an organization has a high level of knowledge or a specialized set of skills that other employees or members of the organization do not possess.

7. Referent power Referent power is power of an individual over the Team or Followers, based on a high level of identification with, admiration of, or respect for the power holder/leader. Example Nationalism,celebrities etc.