PPT ON INVERTEBRATES /NONCHORDATES FOR STUDENTS.

A beautiful presentation on invertebrates for students,it covers all phylums of invertebrates with beautiful images and description.I wiss you all will like this ppt.

1. INVERTEBRATES Animals without a backbone or spinal column A PRESENTATION BY NEERAJ BAIRWA

2. INVERTEBRATES DIFFERENT PHYLUM PORIFERA COELENTERATA/CNIDARIA CTENOPHORA PLATYHELMINTHES ANNELIDA ARTHOPODA MOLUSCA ECHINODERMATA PROTOZOA ASCHEHELMINTHES

3. PHYLUM ~PROTOZOA Characteristics Prototozoans are fresh water/marine water animals. They are free living ,but some parasitic in both plants or animals, mostly solitary and some colonial. Protozoans are microscopic simple and primitive animals. Protozoans are unicellular and exibit “protoplasmic” leval of organization. Symmetry –mostly asymmetrical but some have radial symmetry. Locomotion-by pseudopodia /cilia/flagella. All functions performed by single cell. Digestion-digestion is intracellular,occurs in food vacuoles.

4. PHYLUM ~PORIFERA Means pore-bearing invertebrates Characteristics Porifera name given by Robert grant They are commonly called sponges. Their body is usually cylindrical. Their body have many holes or pores called ostia. They are mostly found in marine water.only a few are found in fresh water( spongila ). They have cellular organization. They are asymmetrical,some are spherical and radially symmetrical. They are diploblastic and acoelomic . Asexual reproduction by budding and fragmentation. The development is indirect. Examples- spongila , sycon , euspongila (bath sponge) , euplactela ( venus flower basket) Sycon Euplactela

5. PHYLUM~COELENTERATA Means hallow bodied animals with stinging tentacles Characteristics They are marine water organisms except hydra(fresh water). They are diploblastic animals with radial symmetry(sea anaemone -bi radial). Tisssue leval organization. They are in two forms,polype and medusa. They consist of coelenteron cavity. Body wall has two layers ,outer layer epidermis and inner gastrodermis. Between them jelly-like mesoglea is present. Asexual reproduction is done by budding. Sexual reproductionis done by planula larva. Examples - hydra , sea anaemon , obelia , rhizostoma (box jelly) , orelia etc hydra physalia Obelia(sea-fur)

6. PHYLUM~CTENOPHORA Means comb bearing Characteristics Ctenophorans are called ‘’comb jellies’’. All are marine. They are diploblastic and acoelomate. Bi-radial symmetrical. They are bio-luminescent. Eight rows of comblike plates used for locomotion. Sexual reproduction,external fertilization. Development-indirect Examples – plurobranchia , hormiphora , beroid etc. Hormiphora (sea-walnut) Plurobranchia (sea- gooseberry)

7. PHYLUM~PLATYHELMINTHES Means flat worms Characteristics Planaria( dugesia ) systosoma Free living or parasitic. Generally dorsoventrally flattened. Body organization-organ leval . Acoelomate. Bilaterally symmetrical. First animals with 3 germ layers –triploblastic. Excretory organ –flame cells,protonephridia . Reproduction-sexual or asexual. Fetilization – internal. Indirect development. Examples – planaria , tenea-solium ,liver- fleuk , systosoma (blood fleuk ) etc.

8. PHYLUM~ASCHEHELMINTHES Means round worm Characteristics They are mostly aquatic,parasitic and some are free living. The body is slender and vermiform. Body wall covered with cutical layer. They are bilaterally symmetrical,unsegmented worms. They are triploblastic and pseudocoelomate. Body organization-organ system grade. All are dioecious and have sexual dimorphism. Have only sexual reproduction and internal fertilization. Circumpherengial nerve ring present in nervous system. They are ammonotelic . Excretory organ- renette cell (H-shaped giant cell). Examples –ascaris , wuchereria , ancylostoma (hook worm) , trichuris (whip worm)etc. Ascaris(round worm) ancylostoma

9. PHYLUM~ANNELIDA Means segmented worms Characteristics They are mostly aquatic,marine or freshwater,parasitic or free-living. The body is elongated,vermiform,triploblastic,bilaterally symmetrical, true coelomate( schizo coelom). Body divided into segments(true segmentation). The epidermis is covered by thin flexible cuticle. Body organization is of organ system grade. Parapodia and setae present on body that helps in locomotion. Digestion system-completely developed. Closed circulatory system. Haemoglobin or erythrocruonin present in blood. Respiration occurs through skin or gills. Excretory organ-nephridia. Nerve ring present in nervous system. Fertilization-external(in nereis)and internal(in feritima ). Nereis Earth worm

10. PHYLUM~ARTHROPODA Means jointed legs Characteristics The largest phylum in animal kingdom. They can be found in all types of habitats – land,water and soil. They are triploblastic,bilaterally symmetrical and true coelomate. They have jointed limbs. They have compound eyes. The body is segmented into three regions- head,thorax,and abdomen. The exoskeleton is hardened and is made of chitin. The digestion system is completely developed. Open circulatory system with dorsal heart and arteries. Respiration by body surface or by gills and through trachea or book lungs. Excretory organ – melpighian tubules,green glands. Sexual reproduction,internal fertilization. Examples- millipede , palimon , hermit crab , lobuster , insects etc. Hermit crab

11. PHYLUM~MOLLUSCA Means soft bodied animals Characteristics 2 nd largest phylum in animal kingdom. Habitat- aquatic,marine or fresh water,and moist land. Body organization-organ system grade. Triploblastic,true coelomate,bilaterally symmetrical,and unsegmented. Soft bodies enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell secreted by mentle . Locomotion by muscular foot. Complete digestive tract,radula . Open circulatory system in all except cephalopods. Haemocyanin is the respiratory pigment(blue coloured blood). Respiratory system-gills or lungs. Nervous system –paired ganglia ,connectives and nerves. Reproduction-sexual ,internal or external fertilization,oviperus . Development-direct or indirect (with larval forms). Cuttle fish

12. PHYLUM~ECHYNODERMATA Means spiny skinned animals Characteristics They are exclusively marine animals. The organisms are spiny-skinned. Body is triploblastic and true coelomate ( anterocoelom ). They are generally pentamerous. In adult stage body – penta radial symmetrical,but their larva are bilaterally symmetrical. Tube feet are present which are organ of locomotion and also helpful in food catching & respiration. Presence of Water vascular system . Well developed digestion system. Excretion by gills and tube feet. Heart and respiratory pigment absent. Nerve fibres absent in nervous system,brain absent and sensory organs absent. Reproduction – sexual or asexual ,external fertilization. Examples – asterious (star fish) , brittle star , echinus , sea urchin , cucumaria (sea cucumber) etc. Sea urchin Ophiurus ( bittle star)

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