Ppt on social group.pptx. ………………………. …..

1. Social Groups:In-Group & Out-Group Meaning, Characteristics, and Comparison

2. Meaning of Social Group • A social group is a collection of individuals who interact with each other, share similar characteristics, and have a sense of unity. • It is a unit of society with common interests, values, and goals. • Sociologist George Simmel emphasized interaction as the basis of social groups. • Examples: family, friend circle, sports team, community groups.

3. Characteristics of Social Groups • Two or more persons involved. • Regular interaction among members. • Shared interests, values, and goals. • Sense of unity and belongingness. • Group norms and rules influence behavior. • Stability and structure maintained over time.

4. Meaning of reference group A reference group is a social group that an individual uses as a standard or benchmark for evaluating their own beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. This group can be one they are a member of, or one they aspire to belong to. Individuals conform to the norms of their reference groups, which influences their decisions, sense of self, and consumption patterns. 

5. In-Group: Meaning • An in-group is a group to which an individual feels they belong. • It provides identity, belongingness, and emotional attachment. • Term first used by sociologist William Graham Sumner. • Example: One's own religion, nation, caste, cultural group, or circle of friends.

6. Characteristics of In-Group • Feeling of 'we' and strong unity. • Loyalty and attachment among members. • Shared norms, customs, and traditions. • Cooperation and mutual help. • Provides protection and identity.

7. Out-Group: Meaning • An out-group is a group to which an individual does not belong. • It is often considered as 'they' in contrast to 'we'. • May be viewed with indifference, competition, or hostility. • Example: Rival sports team supporters, other religions, or other nations.

8. Characteristics of Out-Group • Feeling of 'they' instead of 'we'. • No emotional attachment or loyalty. • Often seen as rivals or outsiders. • May create competition and conflict. • Helps strengthen in-group identity by contrast.

9. Comparison: In-Group vs Out-Group In-Group: • Sense of belonging ('we') • Loyalty and unity • Cooperation and identity Out-Group: • No sense of belonging ('they') • Rivalry or indifference • Defines boundaries of identity

10. Importance of Studying Social Groups • Helps understand human behavior in society. • Explains unity, cooperation, and conflict. • Provides insight into cultural identity and belongingness. • Useful in sociology, psychology, and anthropology. • Helps reduce social discrimination and improve group relations.

11. THANK YOU

12. DEPARTMENT / COURSE: IETVE/ BA.BEd /SEM-1 SUBMITTED TO: Dr. KANWALPREET KAUR SUBMITTED BY: HARTESHWAR SINGH BRAR