PPTonModernon nfinerwmethodofirrigation.pptx

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2. ………. DEPARTMENT OF SOIL CONSERVATION & WATER MANAGEMENT Presented by: Bimlesh Kumar Prajapati Id. No : CA- 12062/21 Ph.D. (Ag.)SCWM. Modern irrigation method CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY KANPUR – 208002 (U.P.) SEMINAR ON Under the guidance of : Dr. Munish kumar PROFESSOR & HOD DEPARTMENT OF SCWM. 2023

3. Irrigation I rrigation   is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. OR I rrigation may be defined as the process of supplying water by artificial means to agricultural fields for crop production. If water available to the plants from rainfall is not sufficient, it is supplemented by irrigation water.

4. Why modern irrigation system Problems in Traditional Method • Excessive Labor requirement • Non-uniformity in water application. • Water and electricity not fully utilized. • Water loss. • Evaporation loss. So, to overcome all these one solution- Modern Irrigation.

5. Difference between traditional and modern irrigation method TRADITIONAL MODERN • Inefficient as crops don’t get • Efficient because crops get water properly correct amount of water • Very cheap • Extremely costly • Labor intensive • Machine intensive • Low yield • High yield • Tedious operation • Easier operation

6.  Drip Irrigation Drip irrigation is also called as trickle irrigation Features- Method of applying filtered water Low discharge through the emitters Constant and even supply Very small operating pressure ( 1 to 2 kg/ sq.cm.) Less pressure requirement than sprinkler The discharge of the emitter varies from 0.5 to 14 litre per hour . The low discharge of the emitter results in partial wetting of soil root zone. Drip irrigation differs from sprinkler irrigation by the fact the only the root zone part of the soil is wetted

7. Fig. Drip irrigation method.

8.   Advantages of Drip Irrigation Water Savings Improved Plant Growth and Crop Yield Labor Saving Energy Saving Suitability to problematic Soils Weed Control E nhanced Fertilizer Application Efficiency No Soil Erosion Minimum Diseases and Pest Problems Adaptability to Application of Mulches

9. Limitations of Drip Irrigation Initial Heavy installation investment Extensive Maintenance Requirement Salinity Hazards Economic and/or Technical Limitations High Skill Requirements Care in concern with laterals Rodent problem 

10. Scope and Status of Drip Irrigation in India An acceptable system of irrigation to many crops. No replacement for drip in compete of other irrigation methods. The potential use of less water per unit of crop production . Drip provide the motivation for changing irrigation methods Water costs also considered . Very significant effects on profit margins. The rapid expansion of drip irrigation in Southern India. In western part of country it plays effective role as there water scarcity prevails . Since drip irrigation not effectively used for Paddy, Wheat etc. Wide acceptance of drip irrigation over the past decade.

11.   Adoption of Drip Irrigation in India It was Introduced in the early seventies Key role of Agricultural Universities and research institutions. Significant development since 1980s. Developments taken place mainly in acute water scarce area. Ministry of Water Resources -Promotion of use of drip irrigation method, State governments sponsorship scheme

12. Sprinkler Irrigation  Pressurized irrigation methods . Water is sprayed as resembling rainfall. The spray of water by small orifices or nozzles. Water source to pump to pipe network to sprinkler nozzles. The pressure pump helps to rotate nozzle by water. The nozzles are mounted on the pressurized pipe system. Sprinklers pipes should have characteristics – Flexible, crack and impact-proof, durable, sustain pressure

13. Fig. Sprinkler irrigation method.

14. Sprinkler irrigation system is adoptable to following situations • Almost, suitable for all types of soils and terrains. • Successfully irrigate high permeable soils. • Lands with combination of shallow soils. • Terrain that prevent proper land grading smoothing. • Lands having steep slopes. • At erodible soils and undulating terrain . • Areas prone to frost and fog. • Suppressing dust during to dust storm during summer. 

15. Advantages Minimizing the water losses in conveyance and distribution. It saves water to the extent of 30 per cent compared to surface irrigation method Maintain the soil moisture in the root zone of crops No overland flow, water is not moved on land surface. Irrigating close growing crops where the plant population per unit area is more. There is no necessity of making bunds, ridges

16. Continue.. No clogging compared to drip irrigation method. Chemicals and fertilizers can be applied along with water. This method saves the fertilizers and other nutrients there is no deep percolation and leaching. Avoid impact of fog, frost and high solar radiations. High water use efficiency next to drip irrigation

17. Limitations High initial investment. Soil with low infiltration rate cannot be irrigated. Not feasible in hot climate and high wind areas. High operational costs. Higher energy requirements. Not suitable for crops that require ponding water. In humid regions, not suitable for crops prone to diseases due to moist environment. Water with impurities and sediments may damage the system components . 

18.   Scope and Status of Sprinkler Irrigation in India The sprinkler system was first introduced in the mid-1950s by few progressive farmers. Agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water and consuming more than 80% water available. More demand of water has been consistently increasing from other sector. In surface method more than 50% of applied water is lost. In the process of conveyance, application, runoff and evaporation Only less than 50% water is utilized for consumptive use of crop. The drip and sprinkler methods saves the water more than 50% of water applied . In India, the area irrigated by the sprinkler system is about 3.59 million ha, which is less than 2.5 % of the total area under irrigation.

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