PR2 summary lesson 2.4-2.7.docx some of the lesson in PR2

some lessons

1. Here are all the key concepts from Lessons 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6 in Practical
Research 2, as presented in the slides. The information has been directly extracted
Lesson 2.4: Research Questions
What are Research Questions
Specific questions your study aims to answer.
Written in interrogative form.
Based on your research problem, objectives, and variables.
Help narrow the study’s purpose into answerable inquiries.
Qualities of Good Research Questions (Kothari, 2004; Punch, 2014):
1.Clear and Precise – Specific and unambiguous.
2.Focused – Narrow enough to study effectively.
3.Answerable – Can be measured using observable data.
4.Relevant – Aligned with your objectives.
5.Feasible – Can be answered within available resources.
Types of Quantitative Research Questions:
1.Relationship Questions – Test correlation between variables.
oExample: Is there a significant relationship between social media
usage and academic performance?
2.Difference Questions – Compare groups.
oExample: Is there a significant difference in academic performance
between male and female students?
3.Descriptive Questions – Describe levels, frequency, extent.
oExample: What is the average number of hours spent on social media?
Tips in Writing Research Questions:
Be clear, specific, measurable, and aligned with objectives.
Avoid vague, irrelevant, yes/no, or biased questions.
Lesson 2.5: Scope and Delimitation
What is Scope & Delimitation

2. Scope: What the study includes (topic, respondents, variables, time,
location).
Delimitation: What is excluded, often due to limitations in time, access, or
resources.
Why Are They Important?
1.Clarify what the study covers and excludes – Set expectations.
2.Acknowledge limitations – Show academic honesty.
3.Keep research focused and doable – Avoid overly broad studies.
Parts of Scope and Delimitation:
1.Topic/Focus – What is being studied.
2.Respondents/Participants – Who is involved.
3.Locale/Site – Where the study is conducted.
4.Time Frame – When the study takes place.
5.Variables – What variables are included.
6.Exclusions – What is intentionally left out.
Tips in Writing Scope and Delimitation:
State clearly and concisely.
Align with objectives.
Don’t overclaim or include unrelated topics.
Be specific about respondents, time, and variables.
Example Format:
Scope: This study focuses on ___ of ___ at ___ during ___. Respondents are
___. Variables include ___.
Delimitation: This study does not include ___, nor does it cover ___. Other
factors like ___ are beyond the scope.
Lesson 2.5 – Scope and Delimitation
What is Scope & Delimitation?
A section in Chapter 1 that:
oScope – What your study includes (topic, respondents, time, location).
oDelimitation – What your study excludes due to
boundaries/limitations.

3. Importance of Scope & Delimitation
1.Clarifies what readers should expect.
2.Shows academic honesty by stating limitations.
3.Keeps the study focused and doable.
Parts of Scope & Delimitation
1.Topic/Focus – What issue/problem is being studied.
2.Respondents/Participants – Who is included.
3.Locale/Site – Where the study is conducted.
4.Time Frame – When the study takes place.
5.Variables – What is being measured.
6.Exclusions – What is not included and why.
Tips for Writing Scope & Delimitation
Be clear and specific.
State only what was studied.
Avoid being too broad or vague.
Align with your research objectives.
Lesson 2.6: Significance of the Study
Benefits and Beneficiaries of the Study
Beneficiaries: Individuals, groups, or organizations that benefit from the
research.
Benefits: Specific advantages gained (e.g., solutions, information, improved
processes).
Why Identify Them?
1.Show relevance – Prove the study is meaningful and impactful.
2.Stay focused on real-world problems – Ground the research in purpose.
3.Encourage application – Make findings useful to others.
Common Beneficiaries:
1.Students – Gain insights or strategies.

4. 2.Teachers – Improve instruction.
3.School Administrators – Plan policies.
4.Parents – Guide their children.
5.Community Members – Adopt better practices.
6.Future Researchers – Build on the study.
How to Write:
Write 1–2 sentences per group.
State who they are and how they will benefit.
Use formal, objective language.
Tips:
Be specific, not vague.
Match benefits to your study’s purpose.
Avoid overstatements or casual phrasing.
Example:
Students, by learning how social media use affects sleep and academic
performance.
Teachers, by using the data to support student engagement strategies.
School administrators, by using the findings to create wellness programs.
Lesson 2.7 – Statement of the Problem
What is a Statement of the Problem (SOP)?
A section that describes:
oThe issue/gap addressed.
oIts importance.
oResearch questions that guide the study.
Purpose of the SOP
1.Shows the relevance and context of your study.
2.Defines the scope and direction.
3.States specific research questions.
Components of a Good SOP

5. 1.Introduction of the problem
2.Importance of the problem
3.Gap in knowledge or practice
4.Research questions
Example SOP Structure:
Introduction: Increased social media use affects student performance.
Importance: Helps guide educators and policy.
Gap: Few studies focused on Grade 12.
Research Questions:
1.How many hours do students spend on social media?
2.What is their academic performance?
3.Is there a relationship between the two?
Tips for Writing SOP
Use clear, academic language.
Be specific (population, location, variables).
Align SOP with research objectives.
Keep it concise (1–2 paragraphs + questions).