Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

History
Introduction
Apparatus Required
Chemical Required
Principle
Chemical Reaction
Procedure
Application
FTIR Analysis

1. Group Members Moazzam Shehzad 2016-PE-01 Asad Aslam 2016-PE-08 Mirza Aqeel 2016-PE-44 Amir Nawaz 2016-PE-50 Umer Abid 2016-PE-54 Rajab Ali 2016-PE-55 5/10/2018 1 PSS Presentation University Of Engineering And Technology Lahore

2. Preparation of phenol formaldehyde Resin 5/10/2018 2

3. History The first phenolic resin was produced by poly condensation of phenol with aldehyde in 1860. In 1860 “VON BAYER” first reports the reaction between phenol and aldehyde. The phenolic resin condensation was used industrially in 1902 by “BLUMMER” for production of novolac .

4. Introduction Phenolic resin is a poly-condensation product of phenols and aldehydes, in particular phenol and formaldehydes. Phenolic resin is a heat cured plastic formed from a reaction of carbon based alcohol and a chemical called aldehyde. Formaldehyde is a common raw material for this type of resin. the resin is hard, heat resistant, and can be mixed with range of materials for industrial and residual uses. Old phones were made of Bakelite , which is a phenolic resin.

5. Phenol Formaldehyde Resin…

6. Apparatus Required Beaker Glass Measuring cylinder Magnetic stirrer Hot plate Thermometer 5/10/2018 6

7. Chemicals Required Phenol Formaldehyde ( 37% aqueous solution ) Oxalic acid (acid) or Sodium Hydroxide(base) Water (medium) Phenol Oxalic Acid Formaldehyde 5/10/2018 7

8. Principle The polymeric product obtain by condensation polymerization of Phenol and Formaldehyde is called Phenol-formaldehyde resin . The are structurally polydisperse compound . Different end products are obtained depending on whether the poly- condensation is carried out in acidic or basic medium of phenol or formaldehyde in access. Reaction is generally carried out in aqueous medium. 5/10/2018 8

9. Novolac Usually obtain in acidic medium . Phenol functionality is ortho and para . Phenol: formaldehyde is 1:0.8 Can be cross-linked. Resole Reaction is carried out in basic medium . Phenol functionality is ortho, meta, para Phenol: formaldehyde is 1:1.2 Already cross-linked. 5/10/2018 9

10. Soluble in alcohol, lower ester, Ketone and dilute alkali . Average MW is between 600-1500 . Melting point is between 100⁰C and 140 ͦC . Thermoplastic. Resole Not soluble after complete cross-linking . Very high MW due to three dimensional crosslinking structure . Degradation start at > 350⁰ C Thermoset polymer. Novolac 5/10/2018 10

11. Chemical Reaction Phenol Formaldehyde resins are prepared by reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of acidic or basic catalyst . The process may be carried out as follows; Phenol Formaldehyde 5/10/2018 11

12. Chemical Reactions   Heat of reaction : 180 cal /g Resole : Temperature : Hydroxymethyl phenols will crosslink on heating to around 120 °C  By product : Water - H 2 O 5/10/2018 12 References 1,2,3

13. Hydroxymethyl phenol Phenol Catalyst : The polymerization is brought to completion using acid-catalysis such as oxalic acid or Hydrochloric acid. Temperature: At a temperature to about 90  °C , it forms methylene bridges Pressure : 1 atm Medium: Distilled Water Thermal stability : Both resole and novolac have high temperature stability up to 300° – 350° C 5/10/2018 13

14. 65 g of Phenol 42g of 37% aqueous formaldehyde 2g of oxalic acid 15ml of water 500ml beaker STEP 01 STEP 02 STEP 03 Procedure 5/10/2018 14

15. Mixture is refluxed for 45 min Water Removal Cooling 300ml water is added Agitated thoroughly Allowed to cool down Liquid Phenol formaldehyde Rigid and brittle Phenol formaldehyde Required material Final Product STEP 04 STEP 05 STEP 06 Last STEP 5/10/2018 15

16. Our prepared Product 5/10/2018 16

17. Applications Phenolic resin have good adhesive and bonding properties. They are hard and infusible with good electrical properties. Also used for the coating of wood. High resistance to heat, flammability, abrasion resistance, water chemical and solvents. 5/10/2018 17

18. FTIR analysis 5/10/2018 18

19. 5/10/2018 19

20. References: https://thechemco.com/chemical/phenolic-resin / http:// www.whatischemistry.unina.it/en/bakelite.html www.khalidshadid.com/uploads/3/9/2/0/.../phenol_formaldehyde_resin._ bakelite.pdf 5/10/2018 20