Presentation (3). PowerPoint Presentation and Science Project.

For lesson plan project

1. CHAPTER 4 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

2. Standards-based Curriculum Development Model Allan Glatthorns developed the standards-based Curriculum development model,& identified 3 phases to be followed in developing standards-based Curriculum.

3. 3 Phases of standards-based Curriculum development model.

4. Phase 1.Develop standards. Develop a comprehensive set, content standards,using multiple sources. 2. Refine comprehensive list, eliminating & combining. 3.Secure teacher input to identify teacher priorities. 4.Use data to develop final draft, standards, divided into Essential, Enrichment Standards.

5. Phase 2. Develop benchmarks. 1.Review decisions about content emphasis. 2.Identify standards, continuing development. 3.Decide how benchmarks, by taskforce or teachers. 4.Develop initial draft of benchmarks, evaluating w/ criteria provided, teacher review, revise benchmarks if needed.

6. Phase 3.Develop final products 1.Use standards, benchmarks, produce scope, sequence chart. 2.Decide on curriculum guide content. 3.Analyze benchmarks into learning objectives.

7. Benchmarks –improve,refine,validate curriculum. Scope and sequence - important for planning, instruction for deciding on specific contents & objectives.

8. Understanding by Design Model Was Develop by Wiggins, & Mctighe (2002) . Has become a by word in the Philippines educational system, was used to design by the basic educational curriculum in school year 2010-2011 before K-12 Education Curriculum was implemented. The model also called as BACKWARD DESIGN (UBD). for putting emphasis on starting with the goals, objectives,designing curriculum.model puts emphasis , designing curriculum to engage students in exploring and deeping their understanding of important ideas and the design of assessment.

9. 3 Stages in backward design process or (UBD) Stage 1: Identify the desired results. Stage 2: Determine acceptable evidence. Stage 3: Plan the learning experiences and instruction.

10. F.Murray Print Model for Curriculum Development Murray Print published his model his book Curriculum development design in ( 1998 ).his model, prescribes a sequential, logical approach to curriculum development.

11. 3 Phases are ff : Phase 1.Organization Phase 2.Development Phase 3.Application

12. Cyclical Models of Curriculum Development Cyclical Models continuous process of Curriculum development.starts a situational analysis. Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls Model for Curriculum Development. *Cyclical model was Develop by ( Nicholls/Nicholls on 1978).

13. Nicholls / Nicholls curriculum development This model was prescriptive/ Dynamic.thus was also recognize the influence / importance of contributing disciplines such as: *Philosophy *Psychology *Sociology The importance of three disciplines in developing curriculum is recognize in the model Tyler(1949). Also the attribute of the model is helpful for: *Teachers *Administrator The model of Nicholls/Nicholls (1978) advocates a curriculum development that involves continuous improvement.

14. Systematic Design Model Robert Diamond who originally developed the systematic Design Model in early(1960’s).it has undergone major revisions but it’s structure is unchanged in(1998).the systematic Design Model is prescriptive and rational.

15. The Contextual Filters Model of Course Planning Contextual Filters Model of Course Planning was Develop by: Stark Lowther,Bentley,Ryan,Martens , Genthons , Wren, Shaw in 1990. Their study conducted at University of Michigan National Center for Research to improve Postsecondary teaching and learning. Involves making learning meaningful to students by conducting real world.

16. Dynamic Models of Curriculum Development *The dynamic Models describe how curriculum workers develop curricula in various educational context.the dynamic curriculum development models are usually used in school –based settings. A.) Walker’s Model of Curriculum Development *Decker walker develop a model for Curriculum development and first published in(1971). *They develop curricula: (Walker,1971; Marsh & Willins , 2007; Print,1993).

17. 3Phases ff : 1.) Platform Phase -Individual beliefs, Knowledge, Values. 2.) Deliberation - involveds identifying with facts are needed for means end, generating alternatives and considering the consequences of these alternatives. 3.) Curriculum design Planning, decision-making, actual development curriculum. *Walkers model is dynamic & descriptive model of Curriculum Development.

18. Skilbeck’s Curriculum development Model In (1976) skilbeck’s came up w/ a model for developing a school –based curriculum in Australia. Skilbeck’s model includes a situational analysis provide strong bases for making curricular decisions for all the succeeding phases of Curriculum Development. *The Five steps of skilbeck’s model are follow:

19. Eisner’s Artistics Approach to Curriculum Development Elliot W. Eisner -He is a famous curriculum scholar. -1979 he published the book of Educational Imagination. -He presented his idea on how curriculum development should be done.He also believe that there is a need to develop a new theory that recognize the artistry of teaching is useful in helping teachers develop those arts.

20. Eisner’s Artistics Model of Curriculum Development are ff :

21. Pawilen’s Model for Developing Curriculum

22. Three Curriculum sources in this model ff : •Learners •Society •disciplines Learners -knowing their interest,needs , learning styles, thinking styles, culture, socio-economic, status, Gender. Other variables are significant Data for developing curriculum…

23. Society: -Considered as a source of curriculum.knowledge about the society pro ides better understanding of the context which curriculum will be implemented like ( Cultural values, beliefs, attitudes, political, economic system.) And the physical environment directly or indirectly affect curriculum development because the learners are integral part of society. Discipline: -also essential in curriculum development.it can provide data for making decisions as to what contents should be included in the curriculum and how to organize the contents of the curriculum.

24. Processes For Developing Curriculum Under Pawilen’s Model 1.) Situational Analysis -starts with analyzing the context in which curriculum is develop.situational analysis includes a study of the different curriculum sources…Like: ( students, society, disciplines, subject matter ), and careful examination of the different curriculum influences.( internal, external, organization)that affect curriculum development 2.) Selection -results of sirtuational analysis.

25. 3.) DEVELOPMENT OF CURRICULUM STANDARDS -takes place after the situational analysis and selection of goals, and objectives. 4.) Selection of Content or Subject Areas -where develop the curriculum standards are used to select subject courses to be included in the curriculum. 5.) Selection and Organization of Learning Experiences -includes selecting learning activities, organizing instructional plans, selecting instructional materials to be used in implementing the curriculum.

26. 6.) Implementation -involves the actual implementation of the curriculum by faculty members. Where the actual teaching and learning take place. 7.) Evaluation -where the goals and objectives of the curriculum, including the design and selection of all the curriculum elements, are evaluated.after the results of evaluation, the curriculum development process will go back to situational analysis to reexamine the needs and include necessary changes and demands from curriculum sources and influences.

27. Analysis of Different Curriculum Development Models -provides a summary of the results of the analysis of the different curriculum development models in relation to the two dimensions suggested by print (1993). - Curriculum development models are based on curriculum researchers and are based on certain theories of Curriculum.

28. Summary of the Curriculum Development Models are ff : -linear models (Standards-based Curriculum Development Model, understanding by design. -Systematic Design Model -Print’s Curriculum Development Model -Cyclical Model of Model -Nicholls and Nicholls model (1978). -Contextual Filters Model of course planning. -Dynamic models of Eisner’s (1979), Walker (1971). - Pawilen’s model (2001) -(Each model of Curriculum Development is based on a curriculum theory develop by Various proponents.)

29. Reflection on Curriculum Development Curriculum Development, as seen in the curriculum development models, follows a scientific and logical process. Each Curriculum development model represents different areas of emphasis. Essential elements of Curriculum Development are: -Situational analysis -Selection of objectives -Selection of content -Selection of learning experiences -Evaluation •Curriculum development models could be clustered into three: -Linear Models-follows a logical and sequential approach to curriculum development starting with curriculum objectives. -Cyclical Models-they are essentially logical sequential in terms of process, however in cyclical Models, curriculum development is viewed as a continuous process. -Dynamic Models-curriculum development may begin with any curriculum element or process. It highlights the importance of involving teachers in curriculum development process. •Curriculum development in the Philippines need to involve different stakeholders and teachers. •There is a need to develop a model that is relevant and responsive to the academic needs and contexts of the Philippines.