presentation of crisis and subject psychiatric,

introduction, definition, type class of crisis explain the phase in the development of crisis crisis intervention

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2. COLLEGE OF NURSING G.S.V.M MEDICAL COLLEGE CAMPUS KANPUR PRESENTATION ON CRISIS AND ITS INTERVENTION SUBMITTED BY Ms. Vibha Chaudhary M.Sc. Nursing Ist Year College Of Nursing G.S.V.M Medical Campus Kanpur SUBMITTED TO MRS. Subhash Sharma Associate professor College of nursing G.S.V.M Medical campus Kanpur This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

3. GENERAL INFORMATION Name Of the Student Teacher - Vibha chaudhary Subject - Advance Nursing practice Topic - Crisis and its Intervention Class - MSc Nursing Ist year No. of student - 20 Duration - 45 mint Venue of teaching - SMTI Method of teaching - Lecture cum discussion Teaching aids used - PPT Previous knowledge :- The group is having some basic knowledge about the topic crisis and its intervention

4. GENERAL OBJECTIVE :- At the end of seminar, the group be able to acquire in-depth knowledge regarding crisis and its intervention and able to apply in their field SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE :- At the end of class the group will be able to Know about crisis Define crisis Discuss about type and class of crisis Describe the characteristics of crisis Explain the phase in the development of crisis Elaborate the crisis intervention( Goal, procedure, model)

5. INTRODUCTION The word “ crisis” comes from the Greek word “ Krisis ” which means decision, turning point,or judgement Simple terms, crisis means a time of intense difficulty, danger, where normal coping mechanisms are not sufficient Its represent a turning point that can lead either to growth and adaptation if not turn its represent the breakdown and maladjustment

6. DEFINITION According to Caplan ( 1964): Crisis is a temporary state in which a person feels imbalance and confusion, where normal coping method do not work and new ways of coping must be developed (or) According to Stuart(2005):- Crisis is an acute time- limited state of disequilibrium that occurs when external demand exceed that coping resources of an individual (or) Crisis is a time of great danger and difficult movement when think have change and either difficult improve also known as crisis. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

7. CHARECTERSTICS Crisis occur all individual at one time or another Crisis percipated in form specific event Crisis is temporary not permanent Universal experience

8. TYPE OF CRISIS AND CLASS OF CRISIS TYPES OF CRISIS:- Maturation and development SITUATION CRISIS Adventitious crisis Maturational crisis that occur during normal life such as retirement, starting schooling, marriage( adjusting to a new role as husband/wife. Situational crisis is a sudden, unexpected stressful event such as loss of job, heart attack, accident, death of a loved one. An adventitious crisis is a sudden, unexpected crisis caused by external event or disasters such as fire, war, rape, murder, plan crash etc.

9. CLASS OF CRISIS

10. Cont …. A Sudden disturbance in thoughts, feeling or behavior that need immediate psychiatric care ex; suicide attempt, severe panic attack

11. Cont … Crisis triggered by a specific traumatic event ex; sexual assault, physical abuse

12. cont … Crisis that occurs as a direct result of mental illness or psychiatric disorder. Ex; severe depression leading to suicidal crisis.

13. Cont.. It crisis occur during normal life ex; marriage adjustment

14. Cont … Crisis occur from culture conflicts, migration, poverty

15. PHASE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRISIS Caplan (1964) explained the development of a crisis in four phases each phase show how a person reacts when a stressful event threatens their usual coping ability . If not resolve crisis may worsen. Phase-1 Exposure to the stressor- Tries usual coping Phase-2 Failure of coping mechanism- anxiety rises Phase-3 Mobilization of internal and external resources- tries new resources Phase-4 Breakdown or crisis- It still unresolved crisis breakdown

16. Phase-1 Exposure to the stressor- Tries usual coping The individual faces a precipitating event ( stressful situation) Usual coping mechanism are mobilized If coping work no crisis develop Example:-A student learns she has failed an important exam – she tries to cope by studying harder for re-exam

17. Phase-2 Failure of coping mechanism- anxiety rises When usual coping method don’t relieve the stress, anxiety increase. The individual feels discomfort, confusion, helplessness Example:-Despite studying, the student again performs poorly- feels anxious, cries, avoids talking about studies

18. Phase-3 Mobilization of internal and external resources- tries new resources The person tries new problem- solving approaches ( seeking social support, trying new strategy) If these resources work- resolution if not - crisis deeper EXAMPLE:- The student seek help from friends attends watching classes or consults a counselor to find new study method

19. Phase-4 Breakdown or crisis- It still unresolved crisis breakdown If all effort fail, tension rises to a breaking point The individual may show disorganized behavior , severe anxiety, depression or aggression example:- The student feels hopeless refuses to attend college, may develop depression or suicidal thoughts.

20. CRISIS INTERVENTION .Crisis intervention is a short- term, goal directed therapeutic technique used to help one individual or group cope with and immediate crisis main aim:- Reduce anxiety restore emotional balance Strengthen coping skill so that person can return to their precrisis level of functioning

21. GOAL OF CRISIS INTERVENTION Provide emotional support Help her express feeling about the loss Connect her with family and community support system Develop new adoptive strategies to prevent future crisis

22. CRISIS INTERVENTION PROCEDURE Action plan Follow up Generate and explore alternatives Assessment Build relationship Identifying problem Deal with feeling and emotion

23. ASSESSMENT It identify the nature of the crisis Example :- Student fail in exam BUILD RAPPORT OR RELATIONSHIP Develop trust , empathy and active listening IDENTIFY PROBLEM Explore what triggered the crisis DEALING WITH FEELING AND EMOTION Normalize emotion( it is okey to feel this way) Ex;- nurse allow student to express sadness and hopelessness without judgement

24. GENERATE AND EXPLORE ALTERNATIVES Identify support system( family , friends, teacher, professional) Example;- Discuss option like joining extra coaching, taking with parents or seeking peer support. ACTION PLAN Attend counseling twice a week Group study Call a trusted friends FOLLOWUP After two weeks, the nurse follow, up student reports reduce anxiety, improved study

25. CRISIS INTERVENTION MODEL Crisis Roster Model (1977) Crisis Caplan Model (1964) Crisis Stuart model for crisis intervention

26. Crisis Roster Model(1977 )

27. The individual is in a balance/ equilibrium state Normal coping strategies Example:- A student is studying regularly and managing stress normally CRISIS LEVEL A stressful event or event or threat disturbs the equilibrium Usually coping mechanisms fail- person experiences anxiety, confusion, disorganization Example:- The some student fail an important exam, and can not cope post crisis level Successful crisis intervention:- Recovery person develop new coping skills Failed crisis intervention:- Maladaptation person fails to cope- leads to mental illness , maladaptive behavior develop depression or anxiety disorder Pre- crisis level

28. Pre- crisis level ( equilibrium) normal function crisis level ( stress event, coping fail ,function decrease, anxiety increase) post crisis level success- higher or restored functioning, failure- lower functioning/ mental illness

29. Crisis Caplan Model ( 1964) Primary prevent( level-1);- Assess the crisis, define crisis, assess the problem, and promote and support coping mechanism Secondary prevent( level-2):-Counseling provide Tertiary prevent( level-3):- Treatment and following rehabilitation

30. Crisis Stuart model for crisis intervention Generic approach;- Used when many people are experiencing a similar type of crisis goal- provide support education Example:- group counseling for survivors for natural disaster General approach:- Individuals , personalized intervention An individuals unique crisis situation Goal- help the person identify the problem, express feeling, and developing coping strategies

31. PROCESS

32. ENVIRONMENT MANIPULATION Changing the environment or situation to reduce stress and promote coping Strategies:- Removing the individual from a harmful environment

33. SUMMARY So for we discussed about; Introduction Definition Type and class Characteristics Phase Goal Procedure Model

34. conclusion Crisis is an acute, time-limited state of imbalance that arises when an individual’s usual coping mechanisms are overwhelmed by stressors. If not addressed, it can lead to severe psychological, social, or physical consequences. Crisis intervention, therefore, plays a vital role in restoring equilibrium by providing immediate support, reducing emotional distress, enhancing coping skills, and preventing long-term dysfunction. Effective intervention fosters resilience, promotes adaptive problem-solving, and helps the individual regain control, leading either back to pre-crisis functioning or toward personal growth.

35. BIBLIOGRAPHY Elakkuvana Bhaskara Raj D. Chapter-45: Management of Crisis. In: Nursing Education Made Easy. 1st ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2018. Townsend MC, Morgan KI. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis; [Year not specified, but current edition].

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