presentation of data and data analysis 2002

Data presentation and their different type

1. Department of microbiology Presentation Topic :- Data Presentation Presented By Tprakash Patel Msc 2 nd Semester Guidance By Dr . Pragya kulkarni (HOD) SEASON :- 2024

2. Contents Introduction Methods of data presentation 1.Tabulation data there part and type 2.Digramatic data Line diagram Bar diagram and there type Pie diagram Pictogram cartogram 3.Graphycal and polygon distribution Histogram Frequency polygon Frequency curve Cumulative e frequency curve

3. Presentation Of Data Introduction Presentation of data is the process of using various graphical formats to visiually represent the relation ship between two or more data setes . It provide the basis to make comparative study of different set of data or different gropes also decision making process . Statically data can be systematically organized and presented in the form of table ,diagram ,graph and chats . After having collected that data, it is classified and presented in tabulated forms to make it intelligible. We may also make use of visual methods like graphic and diagram statical representations to represent it. Method of presentation statical data 1.Tabulation 2.Diagramatic 3.Graoh And Polygon Distribution

4. Tabulation 1.Tabulation may be defined as the logical and systematic arrangement of statisticaldatain rows and columns. 2. It is designed to simplify presentation and facilitate comparison and analysis. 3.Columns are vertical arrangements and rows are horizontal arrangements Parts of a TableArranging values in columns is called tabulation. A typical table has the following parts: Table number 2. Title 3. Head note 4. Captio n 5. Stub 6. Body 7. Foot note 8. Source

5. 1.Table Number A table should always be numbered for easy identification and reference in future. The table number may be placed at the top of the table either in the centre above the title or in the left side of the title. 2. Title Every table must be given a title, which usually appears at the top of the table. It should be clear, brief and self- explanatory. 3. Head-note It is actually a part of the title. It explains certain points relating to the whole table that have not been included in the title captions or stubs. 4. Caption It refers to the headings of vertical columns. It has usually a main heading and a sub-heading. It should be clear, brief and self-explanatory. 5. Stub It refers to the headings of horizontal rows. 6. Body It contains numerical information's arranged in accordance with caption and stub. The arrangement is generally from left to right in the horizontal rows and from top to bottom in the vertical columns.

6. 7. Foot-note Anything in a table which the reader may find difficult to understand can be explained in foot-notes. 8. Source It refers to the source from which information has been taken. It should preferably include the name of the author, title, volume, number, page, publisher’s name and the year of publication. Tables are broadly classified into two types . 1. Simple tables
2. Complex tables

7. Simple Tables In a simple table, only one characteristic is shown. Hence this type of table is also known as one-way table. It has two factors placed in relation to each other. 2. Complex Table In a complex table, more than two characteristics are shown. If there are two co-ordinate factors, the table is called a double table; if the number of co-ordinate group is three, it is called as treble table. If it contains more than three co- ordinate factors, then it is called as multiple table. Advantages and application of tabulation Representation of data analysis of data Comparison of data Economical uses data

8. Diagrammatical Data There are different types of diagrams by which statistical data can be presented. The common types are 1. Line diagram
2. Bar diagram
3. Pie diagram
4. Pictogram
5. Cartogram 1. Line Diagram 1.A line diagram is a diagram where the statistical data are represented in the form of straight lines. 2.This is the simplest of all the diagrams. 3.On the basis of size of the figures, heights of lines are drawn. 4.The distance between lines is kept uniform. It makes comparison easy.

9. 2. Bar Diagram 1. In bar diagram, the data are drawn in the form of rectangles or bars.
2.The Y-axis is marked with frequency on a scale.The X-axis is marked with variable on a scale.
3.Vertical rectangles are drawn as per the height of frequency. Equal space is given between the rectangles. Bar digram types: 1. Simple bar diagram
2. Multiple bar diagram
3. Component bar diagram
4. Percentage bar diagram 1. Simple Bar Diagram Simple bar diagram is very simple. Simple bar graph is a graphical representation of data set based on one variable

10. 2. Multiple Bar Diagram 1.The multiple bar diagram contains two or more bars drawn side by side. 2. It is also called compound bar diagram. Height is proportional the data With should be same. 3.Equal spacing should be given. 3. Component Bar Diagram 1.In component bar diagram, each rectangle in subdivided into segments as per data. 2. It is also called subdivided bar diagram.
3.The height is proportional to the data. The width should be same. 4. Percentage Bar Diagram 1.In percentage bar diagram, the rectangles are drawn as per the percentage of the data. 2. All the rectangles are equal in height. 3.Equal spacing is einen between the bars

11. 3. Pie chart 1.In pie diagram the data are presented in the form of a circle .pie digram is also calle a circle diagram. 2.Pie diagram is a circle sub divided into component sectors to present the proportion different component part to the total . 3.the total Area of a circle is 360°. So the data is converted Accordingly the circle is partitioned. 4.As the data is drawn as per angles (degrees), pie diagram is also called angular diagram, the data partitions are given different colours. Steps in construction of Pie- Diagram Step 1 Find the value of each category or component or group as percentage of total of all groups. Steps 2 Calculate degree of angle formed by each category or group by formula .Degree for particular group or category.
Value of the group x 360° Total of all group Step 3 Take a circle of suitable size and draw radius. Step 4 Now draw angle calculated in step 2 with the help of a protector. Step 5 Shade or colour different segment suitably or make a distinction between categories or groups. For each categories or group.

12. 4. Pictogram 1.In pictogram, data are drawn in the form of pictures. 2. It is simple and it helps lay man. 4.Cartogram 1. in cartogram the data are printed in the form of cartoons . 2.it is simple and it helps lay man

13. B. Graphs of Frequency Distribution If frequency distribution is represented graphically, it is called graph of frequency distribution. It can be represented graphically in four ways They are 1. Histogram
2. Frequency polygon
3. Frequency curve
4. Ogive curves or cumulative frequency curves. 1.Histogram/ Bar Graph 1.The histogram is a graph. It consists of vertical adjacent rectangles. Histogram is a joining rectangular diagram of a continuous in which each rectangle represents the class interval with frequency. 2.The class intervals are marked on the OX axis and the frequencies on the OY axis. 3.The upper ends of the vertical lines are joined together. This gives rectangles. Method of Construction of Histogram Step1 Take marks on X-axis. Step2. Take frequency on Y-axis. Srep3. Get rectangles joining shape for each class. Step4. Level both the axis

14. 2. Frequency Polygon 1.Polygon is a diagrammatic presentation of data which is constructed by joining the mid points of the tops of rectangles in a diagram. 2. A frequency polygon is a graph frequency distribution. In statistics, it means a curve representing a frequency distribution. 3. A frequency polygon is obtained when the midpoint of each rectangle in the histogram is joined by a straight line. Method of Construction Frequency Polygon of step1. Draw a suitable histogram. Step2. . Get mid-points of the upper horizontal side of each rectangle step3. Join these mid- points of the histogram by straight line. step4 . Both axis should be clearly levelled

15. 3. Frequency Curve 1.A frequency curve is drawn by smoothing the frequency polygon. It is smoothed in such a way that the sharp turns are avoided. 2. The curve should begin and end at the base line. 3.It is also called smoothed frequency curve. Method of construction frequency curve step1 . Draw a suitable histogram. Step2. Get mid-points of the upper horizontal side of each rectangle step3. Join these mid- points of the histogram by smooth line. step4 . Both axis should be clearly levelled

16. 4. Ogive Curve(Cumulative Frequency ) 1.It is the curve which is constructed by plotting cumulative frequency data on graph paper. 2.then the frequency curve obtained is called “Ogive” or When cumulative frequencies are plotted on a graph, cumulative frequency curve. 3. The class limits are shown along the X-axis and cumulative frequencies along the Y- axis. 4.In drawing an ogive, the cumulative frequency is plotted at the upper and lower limit limit of the class interval It is constructed in two ways – Method for Constructing cumulative Frequency Curve step1. Find cumulative Frequency of Given data step2 Plot observations on X-axis.+ step3 Plot calculated frequency on Y-axis step4 Plot the various and join them to get ogive. Step5 Both the axis should be clearly levelled.

17. Reference Book :- fundamental of biostastics ( page no 70-103) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics https://www.slideshare.net/Sujarvs/presentation-of-data-ppt

18. Thank you