Presentation on alcohol, types of alcohol and properties of alcohol

The presentation contains the introduction of alcohol , types of alcohol, classification of alcohol , properties of alcohol , qualitative tests for alcohols

1. Amity University Chhattisgarh Amity Institute of Pharmacy Topic- Alcohols and Qualitative test for alcohols

2. CONTENT Alcohol Types of alcohol Classification Properties of alcohol Qualitative test for alcohols

3. ALCOHOL The Organic compound which has OH functional group are called alcohols. General formula: CnH2n+1 OH

4. TYPES OF ALCOHOLS Monohydric alcohols Alcohols containing one OH group. Example - 2. Dihydric alcohols They contain two OH group .They are also called diols and glycols Example -

5. 3. Trihydric alcohols They contain three OH groups. They are also called triols or glycerols. Example- 4. Polyhydric alcohols They contain more than three OH groups. Example -

6. CLASSIFICATION OF ALCOHOLS On the basis of OH group – Primary alcohol -

7. Primary alcohols Primary carbon is a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom. Secondary alcohols When it is bonded to two carbon atoms such type of alcohol is known as secondary alcohol.

8. Tertiary alcohol When it is bonded to three carbon atoms such type of alcohol is known as tertiary alcohol.

9. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOLS They are weak acid . They have higher boiling point than alkane , alkene and alkyne. Soluble in water. Alcohols are colourless. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOLS Reaction with metals : Alcohols react with active metals like sodium, potassium. Example: 2R-OH + 2Na → 2R-Ona + H₂ Reaction with carboxylic acids : Alcohols also react with carboxylic acids to form esters in a reaction know as esterification.

10. Qualitative test for alcohols Esterification test – Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohols forming a fruit smelling ester. The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid is called esterification. A sweet smell indicates the presence of alcoholic group.

11. 2. Sodium metal test Alcohol react with small piece of sodium metal and give effervescence (bubbles) of gas due to evolution of H2. Evolution of hydrogen gas cause a brisk effervescence indicates an alcoholic group.

12. 3.Phosphorus Pentachloride Test Alcohol reacts with pentachloride results in the mixture becomes warm with evolution of HCL gas. Evolution of HCL gas indicates an alcoholic group.

13. 4. Ceric Ammonium nitrate test Alcohol react with ceric ammonium nitrate forms a pink or red colour precipitate due to formation of complex compound. The appearance of red colour precipitate shows the presence of alcoholic group.

14. 5. Acetyl chloride test Alcohol reacts with acetyl chloride results in the formation of ester and hydrogen chloride. The resulting hydrogen chloride on contact with ammonium hydroxide forms a white fumes of ammonium chloride and water. The formation of white fumes indicates the presence of alcohol.

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