Presentation on Anatomy at kampalainternationaluniversity

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1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM By Alvera

2. Endocrine system Consists of the ductless glands Glands that lack or don’t have ducts These glands secret chemical substances These chemical substances are called hormones These hormones are released into blood The hormones affect target cells in blood in the body These target cells have specific protein receptors oto which the ormones bind and induce their effect. Characteristics of hormones Some hormones work immediately others slowly eg thyroxine and oestrogen yield maximum response after several hours and days Hormones bind to specific protein receptors on the cell surface or inside the cell Hormones consist of several polypeptides. Hormones are produced by parents cells as inactive precursors/ prohormones eg proninsulin Most hormones are short lived Their effect is relatively long lived

3. Comparison of neural and hormonal communication Similarities Both employ chemicals to transmit messages and respond to stimulus caused by changes in their environment Both processes are regulated by the brain Both processes play a role in homeostasis ie they are regulatory systems Both processes work constantly Both use negative feedback loops Both processes provide the body with methods to communicate with it’s internal and external environment inorder to co- ordinate responses.

4. Differences Neural/ Nervous system Hormonal system The message transmitted is both chemical and electrical in nature The message is chemical Message is carried along neurons/ nerve cells Message is carried or transmitted in blood Message is transmitted rapidly Message is transmitted slowly Response is rapid and short lived Response is slow and long lived Response is localised Response is wide spread Co-ordination is controlled by the brain and spinal cord Coordination is mainly under the control of pituitary gland Affects particular parts of the body Affects different organs and cells usually wide spread Neurons are inter connected Hormones are not interconnected Cannot bring a bout a metabolic change Bring about a metabolic change