Presentation on Cascabella Thevetia and Allamanda Cathartica

Importance of Cascabella Thevetia and Allamanda Cathartica, their plant parts and uses.

1. W elcome 1 BY- ABHISEK MISHRA 1571095008

2. CASCABELLA THEVETIA 2 Scientific Name Cascabela thevetia  (L.) Lippold Family Apocynaceae Common names Captain Cook tree, Cook tree, dicky plant, still tree, yellow oleander etc. Origin Native to tropical America Cultivation This species is still widely cultivated in Australia, and is most commonly in sub-tropical and tropical regions. Habitat A weed of waterways, roadsides, waste areas, disturbed sites, old gardens, pastures, open woodlands etc.

3. CASCABELLA THEVETIA Distinguishing Features an upright and spreading shrub or small tree with leaves that are spirally arranged along the stems. its long and narrow leaves have glossy green upper surfaces and paler undersides. its stems and leaves contain a milky sap. its bright yellow, or occasionally pale orange, tubular flowers (5-7 cm long) have five petals that are twisted when in bud. its fruit is large and slightly fleshy with a hard centre (25-55 mm across) and turns black as it matures. 3

4. CASCABELLA THEVETIA Stems and Leaves The stems and leaves contain a poisonous milky sap (i.e. latex ). Flowers and Fruit The bright yellow, or occasionally pale orange, flowers are arranged in several-flowered clusters near the tips of the branches . The relatively large fruit is slightly fleshy with a hard centre (i.e. it is a drupe). 4

5. CASCABELLA THEVETIA Stems and leaves Flowers and fruits 5

6. CASCABELLA THEVETIA Reproduction and Dispersal This plant reproduces only by seeds. These are commonly spread in dumped garden waste. Environmental Impact This species and is regarded an environmental weed in south-eastern Queensland, where it is on the list of the top 200 invasive naturalized plants, and as a priority weed in far northern Queensland .  It is also seen as a potential sleeper weed in other states.  Other Impacts All parts of this plant are very poisonous, especially the oily seeds. 6

7. CASCABELLA THEVETIA Uses Thevetia  is used medicinally throughout the tropics in spite of its toxicity . A bark or leaf decoction is taken to loosen the bowels, as an emetic, and is said to be an effective cure for intermittent fevers.  The seeds may be used as a purgative . The bark and seeds are used to poison rats, and also for criminal purposes . The seeds act as a contact poison; mashed with a soap solution they are used as an insecticide. 7

8. CASCABELLA THEVETIA Side Effects & Safety Injecting a specific oleander product ( Anvirzel ) into the muscle is  POSSIBLY SAFE  when administered by a healthcare professional for up to 3 weeks. Oleander is  LIKELY UNSAFE  for anyone to take by mouth. It can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, headache, stomach pain, serious heart problems, and many other side effects. Taking oleander leaf, oleander leaf tea, or oleander seeds has led to deadly poisonings . Oleander is  POSSIBLY UNSAFE  when applied to the skin. It can be absorbed into the body in some people. Touching oleander sap can cause a rash. 8

9. CASCABELLA THEVETIA 9 Anvirzel is an extract of Nerium oleander (family Apocynaceae ) that contains two toxic cardiac glycosides,  Oleandrin  and Oleandrigenin [8], which have anti-proliferative effects against various types of cancer.

10. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA Scientific Name Allamanda cathartica  L. Family Apocynaceae Common Names allamanda , brownbud allamanda , buttercup flower, common trumpet vine, cup of gold, golden allamanda , golden cup etc Origin Native to tropical South America (i.e. Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Surinam). Cultivation Widely cultivated in gardens in Australia, particularly in sub-tropical and tropical regions.  Habitat Yellow allamanda ( Allamanda cathartica ) prefers moist, well-drained, soils in tropical regions.  10

11. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA Distinguishing Features a vine or climbing shrub with milky sap. its leaves are leathery in nature and are usually arranged in groups of three or four along the stems. its large bright yellow flowers are trumpet-shaped with five spreading petal lobes. its rounded fruit capsules (about 4 cm across) are densely covered with soft spines (about 1 cm long). 11

12. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA Stems and Leaves The older stems are mostly woody and brownish in color, while the younger branches are generally green and hairless (i.e. glabrous). The stems and leaves both contain a milky sap (i.e. latex). Flowers and Fruit The large flowers (7-11 cm long and 5-7.5 cm wide) have five bright yellow petals that are fused together at the base to form a tube (i.e. corolla tube) about 4-8 cm long.  The fruit are rounded (i.e.  globose ) capsules (about 30-75 mm across) that are densely covered with soft spines (about 1 cm long). 12

13. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA Stems and leaves Flowers and fruits 13

14. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA Reproduction and Dispersal This species reproduces by seed and can also be propagated via stems segments . Yellow allamanda ( Allamanda cathartica ) is probably mainly spread in garden waste that is dumped along roadsides and in bushland .  Environmental Impact Yellow allamanda ( Allamanda cathartica ) is regarded as an environmental weed in northern Queensland . Other Impacts All parts of this species are toxic to livestock and humans, and the sticky milky sap can cause skin irritation 14

15. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA Uses . The fruit contains a chemical compound used as active liver disease drug and chemical substances that have antioxidant properties.Other benefits i.e. sap Golden-trumpet, common Allamanda ( Allamanda Cathartica) who are white have anti bacterial properties and also antibiotics so it can serve as a preventive medicine and cancer disease germs or bacteria.  . Flowers are Golden-trumpet, common Allamanda ( Allamanda Cathartica) it can also be used to prevent complications from malaria and swelling of the spleen, and may be used for the treatment of jaundice. 15

16. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA Side Effects & Safety All parts of the plant contain the iridoid lactone allamandin and may produce symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea if ingested . 16

17. ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA CONCLUSION The presence of Quercitrin may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity. The methanol extract of the roots of Allamanda cathartica has significant antioxidant effect. Flower exhibit hepato protective activity. It is widely used in the treatment of wounds and also used in ringworm infections . 17

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