Presentation on onion crop in agriculture

Presentation on onion crop

1. ONION Presented by : Shubham Rane – WW/2303 Vaishnav Rodge – WW/2308 Shreyash Sarnaik – WW/2313

2. CONTENTS ❑ Introduction ❑ History and origin ❑ Cultivation practices ❑ Use of union in various fields ❑ Market Available

3. Common name : Onion Scientific name : Allium cepa Family : Alliaceae Origin : Asia ❑ INTRODUCTION

4. ❑ History and origin The onion (Allium cepa ) is one of the oldest cultivated vegetables, with a rich and layered history spanning thousands of years. Here’s an overview of its origin and historical significance: Origin of the Onion Native Region : The precise origin is not known due to its long cultivation history, but it’s generally believed to have originated in central Asia, Iran, and Pakistan. Wild Ancestors : While the exact wild ancestor isn’t known, there are several wild Allium species native to central Asia, suggesting that . domestication likely started there.

5. Historical Timeline Ancient Civilizations: •Egypt (~3000 BCE)
•Onions were highly valued-used as food, medicine, and even in religious rituals.
•Depictions of onions have been found in pyramids and tombs, including that of. Tutankhamun, where onions were buried with the pharaoh.
•The Egyptians believed onions symbolized eternity because of their circle-within-a-circle structure. Mesopotamia (Sumerians and Babylonians): •Onion cultivation and consumption recorded in ancient texts from around 2500 ВСЕ.
•They were used for culinary and medicinal purposes.

6. India (~2500 BCE): • Onions are mentioned in early Ayurvedic texts as both food and medicine.
•They were used to treat issues like digestion, heart health, and infections. China (~2000 BCE): •Onions were used in traditional Chinese medicine for their warming properties and to treat colds and coughs.

7. 1. Climate requirement : •Temperature: Optimal range is 13°C-24°C (55°F-75°F).
•Requires cool weather for early growth and warm, dry conditions for bulb development and ripening.
•Photoperiod (day length) is critical.
Onions are: Short-day: Require 10-12 hours of daylight (e.g., grown in tropics). Long-day: Require 14-16 hours (e.g., temperate regions).
Intermediate-day: In-between zones. 2 . Soil : •Type: Loose, well-drained loamy or sandy loam. •pH: Ideal is 6.0-7.0.
•Avoid heavy clay or waterlogged soils (can lead to bulb rot). ❑ Cultivation Practices

8. 3.Land preparation: •Deep plowing followed by 2-3 harrowings . •Add well-rotted farmyard manure (FYM) or compost (20-25 tons/ha) •Ensure good tilth and a fine seedbed. 4.Propagation Method : • Onions are grown from: •Seeds (direct sowing or transplanting seedlings)
•Sets (small immature bulbs)
•Transplants (common in commercial farming) 5.Sowing time: •Varies by region and day-length requirement:
•Short-day varieties: Planted in fall or early winter (tropics).
•Long-day varieties: Planted in spring (temperate zones).

9. 6. Spacing : •Row spacing: 20-30 cm •Plant spacing: 10-15 cm
•Closer spacing for green onions (scallions); wider for bulb onions. 7.Irrigation : •Requires frequent, light irrigation, especially during early growth and bulb formation.
•Reduce watering during bulb maturity to prevent rot.
•Use drip irrigation for water efficiency and disease control. 8.Nutrient management : •Basal dose: NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) •fertilizer-based on soil test. •Typical recommendation: ( i )Nitrogen: 100-120 kg/ha
(ii)Phosphorus: 50-60 kg/ha (iii)Potassium: 50-60 kg/ha
•Apply nitrogen in split doses (after transplanting and atbulb initiation).

10. 9:Pest and disease management : • Common Pests:
( i ) Thrips (small insects): Can deform plants.
(ii) Onion fly (iii)cutworms
•Common Diseases: ( i )Downy mildew (ii)Purple blotch
(iii)Neck rot (post-harvest) 10.Harvesting : Harvest when: •50-70% of the tops fall over and dry.
•Bulbs have matured and are firm.
•Pull bulbs, allow to cure in the sun for 7-10 days for proper drying.
•Cut tops, clean, and store. 11.Storage : •Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
•Temperature: 0-5°C for long storage.
•Mesh bags and crates help avoid moisture buildup .

11. ❑ Market Available Current market trends (As of may 2025) : Price Fluctuations : Madhya Pradesh In Neemuch district, onion prices have drastically fallen to ₹1 per kg due to a bumper harvest and lack of demand, leading to significant farmer distress. Maharashtra In Nashik, a major onion-producing region, wholesale prices have decreased to ₹1,200 per quintal from ₹3,100 in February. This drop is attributed to increased rabi crop arrivals and reduced demand. Rajasthan Prices have varied, with averages ranging from 1,500 to ₹2,200 per quintal in March, influenced by local supply and demand dynamics.

12. ❑ Uses of onion in various field 1.Culinary Uses 2.Medicinal And Health uses 3.Agriculture uses : ( i ) Companion planting (ii) Organic pest control 4.Industrial use : ( i ) Food processing industry (ii) Cosmetic and skincare industry (iii) Dye industry 5.Cultural and Ritual use 6.Waste utilisation and Bioproduct

13. THANK Y O U