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Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Era 1971-1977
After the separation of East Pakistan, in December 20, 1971 General Yahya Khan
handed over power to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Chairman of the Pakistan People's Party. Thus,
began the reign of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. After assuming power, he started rebuilding
Pakistan. At that time, the people of Pakistan was demoralized
and hopeless. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto encouraged the people and
immediately took revolutionary steps for the betterment of the country

1. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Era 20 th December1971to 5 th July 1977 After the separation of East Pakistan, on December 20, 1971, General Yahya Khan handed over power to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 1. Nationalization of industries: Martial law was lifted in the country on April 21, 1972.Under the Interim Constitution (1972) Mr. Bhutto issued an ordinance on 2nd January 1972.under which ten heavy industries were nationalized by the government. The industries taken over by the government are as infront 2. Nationalization of banks and insurance companies: The big capitalist families had their own banks and insurance companies which were encouraging the capitalist system. all insurance companies were nationalized and merged under the control of State Life Corporation. on 19th March 1972. All the scheduled banks were also taken over by the government of Pakistan on 1 st January 1974. 3. Labour reform: Bhutto’s government announced the new Laboure policy on 10th February 1972. 4. Agricultural reforms: Agriculture is the profession of a majority of population in Pakistan. To save the farmers from exploitation, Bhutto’s government announced the following agricultural reforms i . Automobile industry ii. Chemical industry iii. Consumer goods industry iv. Steel industry v. Heavy equipment industry vi.Petrochemical industry vii. Cement industry viii. Social welfare services industry ix. Tractor industry x. Heavy electrical equipment industry The 20% of total laborers were in theadministrative committee. Annual bonus equal to one month’s salary 48 working hours instead of 54 hours. Old age pension Education and medical support Job security The limit of land irrigated 150 acres and non irrigated 300acres The limit of land for purchasing of Govt servant but Army officer were exempted. Financial aid for the farming. Loans were granted to the farmers and landlords on easy instalments. Consolidation of land. Job security for the peasant,The land and water tax,

2. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Era 20th December1971to 5th July 1977 Educational Reforms Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto announced educational reforms in 1972. Health Reforms Basic health centers were established for free treatment of the poor people and budget for education and health was increased. New medical colleges were established. Economic Reforms Zulfiqar Ali took many steps for the revival of country’s economy. Social Reforms To raise the living standard of the people sincere and effective steps were taken by Z.A.Bhutto Private educational institutions were nationalized . provide affordable transport to the students, Student scholarships were increased. In 1974, Allama Iqbal Open University Training institutes for teachers training. Adult education centers were also set up nationalization of industries, banks, and reforms for labour etc The reforms agenda was based on the manifesto of Pakistan People's Party was “Roti, Kapra aur Makan (food, clothing and shelter). A network of roads was laid across the country Z.A.Bhutto's economic strategy was socialism. His clear slogan was, "Islam is our religion, Socialism is our economy”. five (5) Marla Housing Scheme for the homeless people. Government sent millions of unemployed youths to Middle East. sent millions of unemployed youths to Middle East. Socially, steps have been taken to protect women in Pakistan Under the Public Works Programme , development of rural areas. Electricity was provided to hundreds of villages

3. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Era 20th December1971to 5th July 1977 Constitutional Reforms During the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto regime, the unified constitution 1973 was enacted. The constitutional amendments of this period are as follows: Administrative Reforms First Amendment 1974 In addition to demarcating the boundaries of the four provinces, FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Area) was declared a part of Pakistan. The second Amendment A false claimant of prophethood or one who does not consider Hazrat Muhammad as the last prophet, is not a Muslim. Third Amendment 1975 Anyone who harmed the integrity of Pakistan was declared an enemy of the country. Fourth Amendment 1975 . six seats in the National Assembly for minorities. Fifth Amendment 1976 A member of the National Assembly or a candidate in a general election cannot be the governor of a province at the same time. Sixth Amendment 1976. the tenure of the job and retirement age of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Chief Justice of the High Courts. Seventh Amendment 1977 The right to Prime Minister to advise President fora referendum on any matter given the situation in the country Z. A.Bhutto visited Afghanistan, China and Russia in 1972 to give Pakistan a legitimate place among the great nations. Simla agreement with India. As a result of this agreemen,prisoners of war of 1971released. Reformed the structure of the Civil Services of Pakistan and police system. In 1974. Islamic Summit Conference in Lahore and rendered invaluable services for the unity of the Muslim Ummah. Worked on Kashmir Issue. National Identity Card was started for the identity of the Pakistani people Though Z.A.Bhutto played a good role of Prime Minister of Pakistan, but some events ruined his valuable work which was happened in his Era Separation of East and West Pakistan Thousands of Pakistani was murdered in East and West Pakistan 90 Thousands army officers jailed in India due to surrendered in Indo-Pak war 1971because they didn’t have weapon to fight with the enemy. All government institutions (Schools , Hospitals , Wapda ,P.I.A , Railway,etc )ruined because they couldn’t bear the burdern of people’s propaganda and demands without their payment of salary Expenditures couldn’t pay the new government due to empty of Finance Conclusion after an Era Of Z.A.Bhutto