Primary and Secondary Data

Collection of Statistical Data: Primary and Secondary Data

1. ECONOMICS ( statistics ) Dr Rekha Choudhary Department of Economics Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur Rajasthan Collection of Statistical Data-Primary and Secondary Data

2. Department of Economics 1.0 Introduction Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data, Systemic gathering of data for various sources, that has been systematically observed, recorded, organized. Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in business.

3. Department of Economics 1.1 Objectives After going through this unit, you will be able to:   Need of Data collection; Factors to be considered for Data collection; Classification of Data; Describe the method of Data Collection; Merits and Demerits of Primary Data Secondary Data ; and Difference between Primary and Secondary Data.

4. Department of Economics 1.2 Need of Data Collection Why is Data Collection needed ? To get information for analysis To get idea about real time situation. For comparison between two situation

5. Department of Economics 1.3 Classification of Data TYPES

6. Department of Economics 1.4 Meaning of Primary Data 1.4.2 Primary Research Methods Focus Groups Observation Experiment 1.4.3 Method of Collecting Primary Data Direct personal Investigation Indirect oral investigation Investigation through local reporters Questionnaire Investigation through mailed Questionnaire Investigation through Observation Non-personal survey Personal Interview Official Records 1.4.1 Primary Data Raw data or primary data is a term for data collected at source. This type of information is obtained directly from first hand sources by means of surveys, observations and experimentation and not subjected to any processing or manipulation and also called primary data. For example : Interviewing People of your organization.

7. Department of Economics 1.4.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary Data Primary Data Advantages → Disadvantages → Subjective bias is eliminated Expensive methodology Data is not affected by past behaviour or future intentions Information provided is limited Natural behaviour of the group can be recorded Unforeseen factors may interfere with the observational task Addresses specific research issues Time Consuming

8. Department of Economics 1.5 Meaning of Secondary Data A researcher can obtain secondary data from various sources. Secondary data may either be published data or unpublished data. It refers to the data collected by someone other than the user i.e. the data is already available and analysed by someone else. Common sources of secondary data include various published or unpublished data, books, magazines, newspaper, trade journals etc. For Example: Publications of government b. technical and trade journals c. reports of various businesses, banks etc. d. public records statistical or historical documents. 1.5.1 Secondary Data 1.5.2 Methods of Collecting Secondary Data 1. Published Sources International Publication Government Publications Publications Commercials Research, Education institute, Unions, Organizations 2. Unpublished Sources

9. Department of Economics 1.5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Data Secondary Data Advantages → Disadvantages → Ease of Access Quality of research Low cost to acquire Not specific to researcher’s needs Clarification of Research question Not timely

10. Department of Economics 1.6 Difference between Primary Data and Secondary Data Basis for Comparison Primary Data Secondary Data Meaning Primary data refers to the first hand data gathered by the researcher himself. Secondary data means data collected by someone else earlier. Data Real time data Past data Process Very involved Quick and easy Source Surveys, observations, experiments, questionnaire, personal interview, etc. Government publications, websites, books, journal articles, internal records etc. Cost effectiveness Expensive Economical Collection time Long Short Specific Always specific to the researcher's needs. May or may not be specific to the researcher's need. Available in Crude form Refined form Accuracy and Reliability More Relatively less

11. Department of Economics 1.7 Data Collection Flow Data Sources Primary data source Secondary data source Internal Records External Records Store audits Warehouses withdrawal services Consumer purchase panels Multimedia services Published Data Standardized sources of marketing Internet Cost information Distributor reports and feedback Customer feedback Electronic Printed Government Trade Associations Periodicals Newspapers Books Annual Reports Private Studies

12. Department of Economics 1.8 Let us Sum up In present era people must have some knowledge of Data, how to collect data , what are the methods of collection of data so keeping that in mind after the study of this unit we know about collection of data , sources of data, need of collecting data, method of collecting data. Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary data and Secondary data and difference between Primary and secondary data . As can be seen from the above discussion that primary data is an original and unique data, which is directly collected by the researcher from a source according to his requirements. As opposed to secondary data which is easily accessible but are not pure as they have undergone through many statistical treatments.

13. Department of Economics 1.9 Unit End Questions What do you understand by ‘Primary Data’? Mention the various sources of Primary data? What do you understand by ‘Secondary Data’? Mention the various sources of secondary data? Distinguish between Primary Data and Secondary Data and discuss the various methods used in the collection of Primary Data Classify the methods generally employed in the collection of statistical data. Which of these is most reliable and why and state brief their respective merits and demerits.    

14. Department of Economics 1.10 Suggested Readings Asthana H.S, and Bhushan , B.(2007) Statistics for Social Sciences (with SPSS Applications). Prentice Hall of India B.L.Aggrawal (2009). Basic Statistics . New Age International Publisher, Delhi. Gupta, S.C.(1990) Fundamentals of Statistics . Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai Elhance , D.N: Fundamental of Statistics Singhal , M.L: Elements of Statistics Nagar, A.L. and Das, R.K.: Basic Statistics Croxton Cowden: Applied General Statistics Nagar, K.N.: Sankhyiki ke mool tatva Gupta, BN : Sankhyiki

15. Department of Economics THANKS