PRIMARY COMPLEX case analysis presentation.pptx

PRIMARY-COMPLEX

1. CASE ANALYSIS Bachiller , Sybhea May E. Baridji , Ardelina H. Basalo , Yvonny B. Calisang , Bhea V. Castañeto , Anebraille C. Ganta , Jehan M. GROUP 4 - BSN-2C Hilot , Joshua Paul C. Lantaya , Freyjene Grace Q. Lusica , Gina Maria R. Ontolan , Johnrayvier L. Pablo, Keith Pearl C. Torrefranca , Aubrey Marie L. NCM 109 A PRIMARY COMPLEX J.H. CERILLES STATE COLLEGE West Capitol Road,  Balangasan  District, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur SCHOOL OF NURSING

2. INTRODUCTION NEXT PAGE Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . It primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. In children, the initial infection is called Primary Complex , usually acquired from close contact with an infected adult. It often shows no early symptoms but can develop into active TB, affecting nearby lymph nodes or organs if left untreated.

3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

5. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT TB Diagnosis and Initial Assessment Methods Clinical Symptoms Assessment Helps identify and evaluate the presence of TB infection, particularly in children, and assess the potential for progression to active TB disease. Chest X-ray Helps find nodules, masses, or lesions that indicate colonies of TB bacteria and damage to tissues from infectious bacteria. Tuberculin Skin Test ( Mantoux Test) A purified protein derivative (PPD) is injected intradermally and read after 72 hours. A positive result strongly indicates TB infection. GeneXpert Test Provides more accurate TB confirmation. A test that simultaneously detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and resistance to rifampicin , one of the most effective drugs used to treat tuberculosis.

6. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Pharmacological Management Standard treatment protocol: Triple-drug regimen for six months. Commonly prescribed anti-TB medications for children: Isoniazid (INH) – Given with Vitamin B Complex to prevent neuritis. Rifampicin (RIF) – May cause red/orange urine and sweat; monitor for jaundice. Pyrazinamide (PZA) – Side effects include jaundice and loss of appetite. Monitor weight regularly as an indicator of nutritional status.

7. DRUG STUDY

8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Monitoring and Follow-up Monthly check-ups to assess response to treatment. Monitor for side effects such as: Rashes Jaundice Gastrointestinal symptoms Ensure strict adherence to therapy to prevent drug resistance. Weight gain serves as a key indicator of improvement.

9. POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS The progression of the primary complex of tuberculosis can silently progress and becomes active spreading beyond the lungs by hematogenous dissemination, leading Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis, resulting: TB Meningitis Form of tuberculosis that affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Lymphatic TB ( Tuberculous Lymphadenitis) Form of TB that affects the lymph nodes. Miliary TB Form of TB characterized by the spread of M. tuberculosis bacteria through the bloodstream to multiple organs. Skeletal TB ( Pott's Disease) Form of TB that affects the bones and joints. Cutaneous TB Form of TB that affects the skin.

10. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Primary Complex Surgical Management Primary complex is treated with anti-tuberculosis medications, no surgery required. Surgery may be needed if the disease progresses to extrapulmonary TB.

11. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT TB Meningitis with Hydrocephalus Surgical Management: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt replacement. Preoperative: Imaging (CT/MRI), neurological evaluation. Postoperative: Shunt monitoring, continued anti-TB therapy. TB of the Bone ( Pott’s Disease) Surgical Management: Spinal decompression and stabilization. Preoperative: MRI, neurological examination. Postoperative: Rehabilitation, long-term anti-TB therapy. Extrapulmonary TB Requiring Surgery

12. NURSING MANAGEMENT Administer anti-TB meds, monitor side effects, and provide Vitamin B6 to prevent neurotoxicity. Assess treatment response through weight, symptoms, X-rays, and Mantoux tests. Educate family on hygiene, mask use, and isolating infectious adults. Provide a high-protein, calorie-dense diet to support recovery. Monitor vital signs, watch for complications like persistent cough and weight loss.

13. NURSING MANAGEMENT Educate on adherence, side effects, and recognizing complications. Address stigma, medication concerns, and encourage DOTS participation. Ensure monthly follow-ups to monitor progress and prevent relapse. Educate on side effects and when to seek medical attention. Work with TB DOTS to ensure adherence and track contacts for prevention.

14. PATIENT TEACHING Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of anti-TB medication to prevent drug resistance. Remind the patient and family to take medications at the same time every day. Teach proper hand hygiene, especially after coughing or sneezing, to prevent infection spread. Educate on covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing to prevent transmission. Teach how to manage cough with fluids and a humidifier to help thin secretions.

15. PATIENT TEACHING Educate on using antipyretics to manage fever and prevent dehydration. Encourage a nutrient-rich diet to support recovery and immune function. Stress the importance of drinking plenty of fluids to loosen mucus and prevent dehydration. Advise on getting plenty of rest to conserve energy and promote healing. Teach stress-reducing techniques, such as light exercise, to support emotional well-being.

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