Priority =QALYs DALYs.pptx Priority =QALYs DALYs.pptx

Priority =QALYs DALYs.pptx

1. COMMUNITY AS: PARTNER PRIORITY SETTING QALYs and DALYs Presented By HINA SH ANTUL Shalamar Nursing College

2. OBJECTIVES Define priority setting Illustrate the purpose of priority setting of health problem Enlist the step’s of priority setting Explain the background Define QALYS and DALYS and also explain difference between QALYS and DALYS Explain the health gaps social value choices Describe the principles of DALYS E xplain the advantages of QALYS and DALYS

3. PRIORITY SETTING ” P riority setting is the process of making decisions about how best to allocate limited recourses to improve population health. Health services operate with in two constrains Economic Political

4. PURPOSE OF PRIORITY SETTING OF HEALTH PROBLEM

5. STEP’S OF PRIORITY SETTING

6. BACKGROUND The global burden of disease study report was released in 1996 The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall diseases burden expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. The burden of disease methodology was developed by researchers at Harvard University and the World Health Organization for the World Bank to quantify the amount of premature mortality and disability present in any given population.

7. QAL Ys Quality Adjusted Life Year QALY stands for Quality Adjusted Life Year . Year of life adjusted for its quality or its value . Year of life with perfect health without any disease or disability is considered Quality adjusted life year

8. DIMENSIONS OF QALYs

9. Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) DALY is the only quantitative indicator of burden of diseases that reflects the total year lost (pre-mature mortality) or some degree of disability (morbidity) during a period of time. Premature mortality is measured as years of life lost (YLLs) Morbidity is measured in terms of years lived with a disability (YLDs) Thus , DALY = YLL + YLD One DALY represents one lost year of healthy life

10. PRINCPLES OF DALYs The DALY combines in one measure the time lived with disability and the time lost due to premature mortality: DALY = YLL + YLD Where, YLL= Years of Life Lost YLD= Years Lived with Disability

11. CALCULATION OF YLL

12. CALCULATION OF YLL Example YLL = N*(L-X) 1 death at age 55= 1*(65-55)= 10 YLLs 3 death at age 55=3*(85-55)=30YLLs YLL= 165 -195= 30 year

13. CALCULATION OF YLD

14. CALCULATION OF YLD Example I*DW*L=YLD I=1 DW= 0.384 L=5 1*0/384*5=1.92=2 year 2 year =Year lived with Disability

15. DISABILITY WEIGHT In the calculation of DALY s weighting system is used to measure the severity of disability The disability weight is measured on a scale of zero to one. O=Full health 1=Death

16. Differences between QALYs and DALYs QALYs DALYs QALY= Quality Adjusted Life Years QALY measures the quality of life in health gain. QALY is expressed in either 1 or 0, Where 1 = Perfect Health 0= Death DALY= Disability Adjusted Life Years DALY measures health loss in the quality of life DALY is expressed in either 0 or 1, Where O = Perfect Health 1= Death DALY and QALY are both used as measuring health Differences between QALYs and DALYs

17. ADVANTAGES OF QALYs QALYs can be used to compare the health benefit of a new treatment for one condition with the health benefit of a new treatment for a different condition QALYs are used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of a treatment that is how much the drug or treatment cost per QALYs QALYs used to quantify the effectiveness treatment compared to the current treatment particular treatment

18. ADVANTAGES OF DALYS The biggest advantages is that morbidity and mortality effect are combined in one measure. It allows the comparisons between different health hazards. It offer the ability to assess the impact to preventive strategies