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1. LINKING INSOLATION TO HEAT BALANCE: A HOLISTIC APPROACH POWERPOINT PRESENTATION FOR THE FULFILLMENT OF THE INTERNAL ASSESMENT OF COURSE BSCGEOMJ301 COURSE NAME : CLIMATOLOGY CLASS ROLL NO. 34 SUBMITTED BY: 114231220169 NAME: PRIYANKA KUMARI RAM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY TRIVENI DEVI BHALOTIA COLLEGE, RANIGANJ KAZI NAZRUL UNIVERSITY

2. INTRODUCTION TO INSOLATION AND HEAT BALANCE A. Definition of Insolation: Insolation is the solar radiation received by Earth's surface, measured in energy per unit area B. Heat Balance Concepts: Heat balance refers to the equilibrium between incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation. C . Importance: Insolation and heat balance are crucial for understanding climate patterns and energy distribution on Earth. Thank you for your patience

3. COMPONENTS OF INSOLATION A.Factors Affecting Insolation: Insolation is influenced by latitude, altitude, atmospheric conditions, and Earth's tilt and rotation. B. Measurement Units and Methods: It is measured in watts per square meter (W/m²) using instruments like pyranometers . C. Diurnal and Seasonal Variations: Insolation varies throughout the day and across seasons due to Earth's rotation and orbital position.

4. THE HEAT BALANCE EQUATION A.Basic Components: Incoming vs. Outgoing Energy The heat balance equation ensures equilibrium by comparing incoming solar energy absorbed by Earth's surface with outgoing energy lost through reflection and radiation B. Key Variables: Sensible Heat: Energy affecting air temperature. 2. Latent Heat: Energy used or released during water's phase changes (evaporation, condensation) .3. Ground Heat: Energy absorbed or emitted by the Earth's surface.

5. ROLE OF ALBEDO IN HEAT BALANCE Definition and Significance: Albedo is the measure of a surface's reflectivity, influencing how much solar energy is reflected versus absorbed. B. Variation Across Surfaces: Albedo varies, with ice having high reflectivity, while water and darker surfaces absorb more energy. C. Impact on Heat Balance: Higher albedo reduces insolation absorption, lowering heat retention, while lower albedo increases energy absorption. r

6. ENERGY ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION A. Absorption by Different Surfaces: Different surfaces, like water, land, and ice, absorb varying amounts of insolation based on their properties . B. Role of Soil, Vegetation, and Water Bodies: Soil, vegetation, and water bodies help distribute energy by absorbing, storing, and releasing heat. C. Influence of Urbanization: Urbanization alters heat distribution, increasing absorption and retention due to materials like asphalt and concrete.

7. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS A. Positive and Negative Feedback Loops: Positive feedback amplifies changes (e.g., ice-albedo feedback), while negative feedback counteracts them (e.g., vegetation-climate interactions). B. Implications for Climate Stability: Feedback mechanisms play a crucial role in climate stability, with positive feedback potentially accelerating climate change and negative feedback promoting stability.

8. IMPACTS OF HEAT BALANCE ON CLIMATE Influence on Local and Global Climates: Heat balance directly affects both local and global climates by controlling temperature and energy distribution. Effects on Weather Patterns: It influences weather patterns, precipitation, and temperature extremes, impacting climate variability C. Importance for Ecosystem Health and Human Activities: A balanced heat system is vital for ecosystem health and is crucial for agriculture, water resources, and human livelihoods.

9. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE PRESENTED BY PRIYANKA KUMARI RAM