Profession.pptx

DEFINITION OF A PROFESSION

1. Profession Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

2. Profession A Profession, is an activity which requires extensive education in a branch of science or the liberal arts Words like vocation , employment, occupation, business, trade, etc. are used synonymously with profession However, `occupation' is the general word to indicate an activity in which a person is engaged for his living , `Profession ' implies an occupation requiring special knowledge and training in some field of science or learning . A profession arises when any trade or an occupation transforms itself through  "the development of formal qualifications based upon education, training and examinations, the emergence of regulatory bodies or the body of persons engaged in such an occupation with powers to admit any person in a profession and discipline members with some  monopoly rights." Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

3. Professional & Professionalism A Professional is one who is associated with a profession Especially for his/her consistent work or As a mean of getting his livelihood. For example: a Doctor; a Lawyer; an Architect, who are all competent experts in their respective occupations. Professionalism is the professional character, spirit or methods, the standard practices of a professional which distinguishes him/her from an amateur. An expertise, which is expected from a professional with full involvement and commitment to those who receive services from them. Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

4. Attribute of Profession A Systematic and Unique Body of Knowledge Professional Authority Sanction of the Community Standards of Entry Regulative code of ethics The Professional Culture Service orientation to the Profession Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

5. A Systematic and Unique Body of Knowledge This first attribute implies the existence of principles and concepts that are unique to the profession and are documented so that they can be studied and learned through formal education. In most professions, this body of knowledge is taught in graduate or professional schools; for example, the specialized body of knowledge for the Medical profession is taught in Medical Colleges. Every profession has at least one degree that can be earned by those wishing a knowledge of the profession's principles. Many professions have several different degrees, allowing for specialized fields within the profession. A degree does not necessarily qualify an individual to practice in the profession, but it does provide a means of assuring that the individual has at least been exposed to the basic principles on which the profession is based. A profession can't be “bound to its theory” but must have “rationality.” Willingness to replace any aspect of theory with newer formulations that are more valid Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

6. Professional Authority The authenticating body/sanctioning organization/professional authority has many purpose. It sets standards and acts as a self-policing agency. It promotes publications and the exchange of ideas, encourages research, develops and administers certification programs , and sponsors and accredits education programs. By granting accreditation, a profession can, ideally, regulate its schools as to their number, location, curriculum content, and caliber of instruction. Comparably this type of control is not to be found in a nonprofessional occupation . Through public information and recognition of professionals, such organizations provide a voice for their profession. In short the purpose of the authenticating body is to administer the profession. Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

7. Sanction of the Community Every profession strive to persuade the community to sanction its authority within certain spheres by conferring upon the profession a series of powers and privileges. This is achieved via two routes. First, the profession convinces the community that no one should be allowed to wear a professional title who has not been conferred it by an accredited professional school. Anyone can call himself a carpenter, locksmith, or metal- plater if he feels so qualified. But a person who assumes the title of physician without having earned it conventionally becomes an impostor. Secondly, the professional persuades the community to introduce in its behalf a licensing system for screening those qualified to practice the professional skills Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

8. Standards of Entry The profession also acquires control over admission into the profession. Defined minimum standards for entry into the profession imply progression in a career ; entry standards define the place from which a career path begins. All professions must have an accepted route open to the public by which a person can become a recognized member of the profession. Law , engineering, accounting , medicine, all have entry standards. These standards typically involve formal education leading to an academic degree; several years of experience, as in training program or as a beginner in the profession ; test score requirements, which may or may not be legally enforceable ; or some combination of the three . Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

9. Regulative code of ethics The adjective ‘ Ethical ’ connotes conformity to professionally endorsed principles or philosophy of conduct and principles practiced by a person or group . The discipline dealing with what is right and wrong with moral duty and obligation . Ethical standards, or a code of ethics, are common to most professions. These are a group of moral principles or set of values; the principles of conduct an individual or a profession; standards of behaviour . Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

10. Regulative code of ethics Their purpose is to make explicit what is considered to be appropriate behavior and to provide a basis for self-policing unethical behavior, thus avoiding or limiting the necessity for legal controls on the profession. Essentials are uniform, and describe proper client/professional relations, and proper professional relations. Professionals must be motivated less by self interest and more by quality, as defined by the needs and interests of the client and the public. Non-professionals in contrast can withhold service on rather arbitrary basis, and can dilute the quality of his commodity or service to fit the size of the client's pocketbook. Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

11. The Professional Culture Every profession operates through a network of formal and informal groups. Among the formal groups, first there are the organizations through which the profession performs its services; these provide the institutionalized setting where professional and client meet. Examples of such organizations are hospital, clinic, university, law office, engineering firm, or social agency. Secondly there are the organization whose functions are to replenish the profession’s supply of talent and to expand its fund of knowledge. These include the educational and the research centers. Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

12. The Professional Culture Among informal channels there are: Social Value: The service that a professional provides to society is so vital that regulation related to social values is required to prevent unqualified persons from performing them . Norms: There are proper ways to behave, e.g. to progress within the profession, to securing appointments, to make referrals, to obtain clients . Symbols: Insignia, distinctive dress, history, Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon

13. Service orientation to the Profession The Service orientation actually reflects an attitude of the members towards his/her profession , an attitude by which members are committed to bettering the profession itself. Professionals will commit their time, money, and energy to attending conventions, publishing their ideas & experiences, and generally contributing to the body of knowledge and the administration of the profession. A professional's commitment to the profession is frequently stronger than to the employer. Professional will leave their employing organization rather than to violate the profession's standards of ethics or practice. Dr. Irfan ul Haq Akhoon