Project method of teaching

project as a method of teaching

1. PROJECT Sridevi devaraj 1 st year msc nursing KCON Bangalore

2. INTRODUCTION Is an educational enterprise in which children solve a practical problem over a period of several days or week. Is a teaching method that requires the students to present in concrete form the results of information gathered about a concept, principle or innovation.

3. DEFINITION project is a whole- hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment ” -Kilpatrick   “ A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural setting ”. - Stevenson (1908 )

4. “ A project is a bit of real life that has been imparted into the school”.  -Ballard

5. CHARACTERISTICS To be a project the learning activity must Be problematic in nature Aimed at a definite attainable goal Purposeful, natural and lifelike in its procedure to attain the goal Directed and planned by the students Practical in nature, emphasis on a single concrete achievement It should be evaluated objectively

6. PRINCIPLES The principle of purpose. Knowledge of purpose is a great stimulus and motivates the child realize his goal. The principle of activity. Children are active by nature. The principle of experience. Experience is the best teacher. The principle of social experience. The child is a social being and we have to prepare him for social life.

7. The principle of freedom. The desire for an activity must be spontaneous and not force by the teacher. The principle of utility. Knowledge will be worth while only when it is useful and practical.

8. TYPES OF PROJECT

9. Individual project ; planned for each student or the same project may be individually solved by each student Group project Planned for a class or a gropup

10. Classification of projects according to the purpose and objectives The producer type project for production of some physical materials( model preparation) Learning project : project for the learning where the main aim is acquisition of some ability (making a fracture bed, cpr )

11. The problem type ; The project for intellectual development- emphasis is on student’s creative thinking(solving some patient problems) The drill type ; To attain a certain degree of skills in a reaction

12. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING PROJECT Topic should have some educational value Should not take overtime Should be challenging in nature Consider the cost and availability of materials Whole course should not be planned using this method Project should be selected according to the student’s interest

13. STEPS OF A PROJECT METHOD CREATING SITUATION: In the first step teacher creates the proper situation to the students in the class . He puts up the knowledge about the project method procedure, steps, and uses to the students. A project should arise out of a need felt by students and it should never be forced on them. It should be purposeful and significant.

14. SELECTION OF THE PROBLEM: The teacher helps the students to select the problem and guide them. Students are having freedom to choose the topic or problem based on their interest and ability. Before choosing the topic the principles should be taken in to an account.

15. PLANNING: The teacher discuss with the students about the problem in various angles and points. After the free expression of the students’ opinion about the problem . the teacher writes down the whole programme of action stepwise on the blackboard . In the process of planning teacher has to act only as a guide and should give suggestions at times but actual planning be left to the students.

16. EXECUTION: The students are stating their work in this step. They are collecting the relevant information and materials at first. The teacher should give the time and right to the students according to their own speed, interest and ability .

17. During this step the teacher should carefully supervise the pupils in manipulative skills to prevent waste of materials and to guard accidents. Teacher should constantly check up the relation between the chalked out plans and the developing project.

18. EVALUATION : Evaluation of the project should be done both by the pupils and the teachers. Here the students evaluating their task. They determine whether the objects are achieved or not . After that they criticize and express their feeling about the task freely. The evaluation of the project has to be done in the light of plans, difficulties in the execution and achieved results

19. REPORTING AND RECORDING: It is the last step of the project method in which each and every step of the work are reported. The reported things are recorded in a certain order in a book form.

20. It should include the proposal, plan and its discussion, duties allotted to different students and how far they were carried out by them. It should also include the details of places visited and surveyed guidance for future and all other possible details. The book formatted report is submitted to the teacher at the end.

21. Merits It arouse and maintain interest of the student Keep the students on freedom of thoughts &action while doing the work It provides the interest and ability of the student It provides more creative constructive thinking of the student It helps to know the individual differences

22. Helps the students to think logically and scientifically Facilitates the development of doing ability Provides growth of individual through the activity Teaches the student to evaluate and judge his finished work by comparing Group project develops the team spirit

23. Disadvantages This method takes a lot of time to plan and execute a single project. It is not possible to design different projects for different topics and it is also not possible to cover all the topics or content in a single project. For proper execution of a project, large number of financial resources are required.

24. Such method can only be prove successful if the teacher is highly knowledgeable, alert and exceptionally gifted. Systematic and adequate learning is not provided by this method, as it is a method of incidental learning. Through this method, students learn only what is required by them in relation to the completion of the projects