Properties_of_Minerals-1.pptxhhhhhhhjhhh

rock forming minerals

1. Minerals

2. What is a mineral?

3. What is a Mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. Pyromorphite

4. Is water a mineral?

5. Is an ice cube a mineral?

6. Is pearl a mineral?

7. Is naturally occurring glass considered to be a mineral?

8. The Characteristics of the Mineral Every Mineral must have these characteristics 1. Naturally Occurring 2. Inorganic 3. Solid 4. Crystal Structure 5. Definite Chemical Composition

9. How do minerals form? There are 2 ways that crystals form: The cooling of hot, liquid rock called magma causes compounds to combine Magma cools slowly = crystals are large Magma cools quickly = crystals are small The evaporation of water that has minerals dissolved in it

10. How do we identify Minerals?

11. Physical Properties These include: Color/Appearance Luster Streak Hardness Cleavage/Fracture Specific Gravity

12. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Color Can be misleading Many minerals will have a similar appearance, but will have different impurities Color and appearance are not enough to distinguish minerals

13. Quartz Purple Amethyst

14. Fluorite Clear Blue Green Purple

15. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Luster Luster refers to the way a mineral reflects light from its surface Metallic = shiny like metal Non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface, can include pearly, silky, and glassy We can also use toher terms such as waxy, pearly, glassy, dull, and silky Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

16. Which mineral has a metallic luster and which has a glassy luster?

17. Streak The color of the powdered form of the mineral We find a minerals streak by rubbing it on a white ceramic plate The color of the streak can be different than the mineral Minerals must be softer than the streak plate Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

18. Hardness How easily a mineral scratches materials Mohs Hardness Scale Scale from 1 ( softest ) to 10 ( hardest ) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file) Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

19. Mohs Hardness Scale Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Potassium feldspar Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond Hardest Softest

20. Cleavage & Fracture The way the mineral breaks Cleavage —minerals break along smooth , flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape Fracture —minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)

21. Cleavage or Fracture? 1. 4. 3. 2.

22. Specific Gravity Specific gravity refers to the weight or heaviness of a mineral, and it is expressed as the ratio of the mineral’s weight to an equal volume of water. Specific gravity can be measured using complex lab tools such as the hydrostatic balance or more simple procedures involving beakers and water displacement measurements. 24 Table of Contents Standard 3-3.1 Standard 3-3.2

23. Chemical Properties These include: Solubility Melting Point

24. Solubility is the ability of a mineral to dissolve in a liquid, like salt and water.

25. Melting Point refers to the temperature at which solid, mineral in this case, turns into liquid.