Prostate gland

prostate gland
by Dr Ankush khedkar

1. PROSTATE GLAND BY DR.ANKUSH D. KHEDKAR ASST. PROF. IN RACHANA SHARIR

2. INTRODUCTION The Prostate is an accessory gland of the male reproductive system. The Prostate is firm in consistency because of fibromuscular stroma in which the glandular elements are embedded. In the female the prostate id represented by the paraurethral gland of skene .

3. SITUATION The prostate lies in the lesser pelvis, below the neck of the urinary bladder, Behind the lower part of pubic symphysis and the upper part of pubic arch Lies in front of the ampulla of the rectum.

4. SHAPE , SIZE & WEIGHT Shape -It resemble an inverted cone Size - width is about 4 cm transversely at the base , 3cm vertically length, 2 cm anteroposteriorly thickness. Weight – 8 gm.

5. FEATURES The prostate presents an Apex , a Base, Four surfaces Anterior Posterior 2 Inferolateral

6. APEX - The apex is directed downwards Surrounds the junction of prostatic and membranous parts of posterior urethra It is separated from the anal canal by the perineal body. BASE The base is directed upwards, and structurally continuous with the neck of the bladder.

7. Surface Anterior surface- Narrow & convex from side to side. It lies 2cm behind the pubic symphysis . Its upper part is connected to the pubic bone by the Puboprostatic ligament. The lower end of this surface is pierced by the Urethra.

8. 2) Posterior surface This surface triangular in shape It is flattened from side to side and convex from above downwards It is separated from the rectum by the fascia of Denonvilliers This surface lies 4 cm from the anus, and can easily palpated on digital examination through the rectum. 3 & 4 ) 2 Inferolateral surface- This surface is related the side walls of pelvis.

9. Zones of the prostate Prostate gland is divided in to Peripheral zone (70%) Central zone. (25%) Periurethral transition zone (5%) Peripheral zone – it from the 70% of glandular tissue. It is situated posteriorly and is cancer vulnerable.

10. 2) Central zone – It constitute 25% of glandular tissue situated posterior to the urethral lumen and above the ejaculatory duct This central zone not involved in any diseases. 3) Periurethral transition zone- It constitute 5 % of glandular tissue. From this zone Benign prostatic hyperplasia arises.

11. Sphincture related to prostate Internal urethral sphincture – it subserves sexual function of closing during ejaculation. If this sphincture gets resected , retrograde ejaculation occurs External urethral sphincture - it is seen at the junction of prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra It is horse shoe shaped with most of the bulk lying anteriorly

12. Lobes The prostate gland was described earlier as having five lobes initially One anterior, one posterior, one median, 2 lateral As of now, the glandular tissue is divided into 3 lobes 2 lateral and One median

13. Capsules and ligaments of prostate True capsule- it is formed by the condensation of the peripheral part of gland. It is fibromuscular in structure and is continuous with stroma of the gland. False capsule- it lies outside the true capsule Anteriorly it is continuous with the puboprostatic ligamnent , on each side prostatic venous plexus , posteriorly it is avascular , and it is formed by the rectovesical fascia of denonvilliers .

14. Structures within the prostate Prostatic urethra traverses the the gland vertically Prostatic utricle – it is bind sac directed upwards and backwards The ejaculatory duct- it passes downwards and forwards and open into the prostatic urethra on each side of the opening of prostatic utricle

15. Blood supply Inferior vesicle artery Middle rectal artery Internal pudendal artery Venous drainage- Internal pudendal vein Internal iliac vein Lymphatic drainage Internal iliac lymphnode Sacral lymphnodes Nerve supply Sympathetic nerves parasympathetic nerves

16. Applied aspect Senile enlargement of prostate – after 50 years of age the prostate is often enlarged due to benign hypertrophy Digital examination of prostate from the anus , in the case of enlarged prostate. Prostatectomy – removal of prostate Prostatitis- inflamation of the prostate Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)- occure in periurethral zone Carcinoma of prostate- it occurs in peripheral zone, it usually occurs at the age of 50 -55 years.

17. THANK YOU