Pschology identity status by james marcia ppt

Identity status by James marcia

1. Regional Institute of Education, Mysore   Assignment on Critical review of theoretical perspectives on different dimensions of development of Learner in relation to existing school practices: Identity Status (James Marcia) Presented by H.MANOHAR 1 st M.Ed RIE-MYSURU

2. Brief Biography : James Marcia was born in 1864. His death was 28 sept 2014 Clinical and Developmental Psychologist. Professor at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada Best known for his work in the Social Psychology Development. Expanded on the Psychosocial Theory work of Erik Erikson

3. Introduction: Do you really know what you want out of your life ? What’s your political ideas? What’s your religious beliefs ? In order to know what we are and our current identities, the psychologist James marcia suggested that there are four identity statuses, or stages, in developing who we are as individuals.

4. Identity: The process of finding our true self results in finding what psychologists have called identity . identity can be defined as an individuals combination of behaviors , preferences, thoughts, talents, and beliefs. All people have lots of different identities over their lifespan. Example: you are probably not the same person now as you were ten years ago. When you were a little kid, what did you want to be when you grew up? Is that the same dream you have now? Have your political and religious beliefs evolved over time?

5. Marcia's Theory: Marcia’s theory is an expansion on German psychologist Erik Erikson’s ego psychoanalytic theory. Marcia’s identity status theory combines elements of ego identity with the observed reactions of those exiting their adolescent years. Marcia’s theory suggests that individuals begin to construct their personal identities during childhood, and that their identities will develop during adolescence and early adulthood. His research and writings have largely focused on adolescent development. Contd… .

6. He believed that identity is mostly based on two things. Occupation –job, doctor, teacher, Ideology –religion, politics Marcia developed his theory and defined his four identity statuses by conducting a series of identity status interviews with adolescent individuals

7. In order to identify their current identities. Based on his interviews; Marcia proposed that there are four major  identity statuses The following are Marcia’s four identity statuses Identity Diffusion Identity Foreclosure Identity Moratorium Identity Achievement

8. Identity Diffusion low commitment to a particular identity Occur age of 12 to 18 and even beyond. May not think about a particular identity until they experience. During this identity status, there is low commitment to an identity as well as low exploration. Adolescents have not considered their identity at all, and have not established any life goals. Thus, this identity status represents a low level of exploration and a low level of commitment. Their primary motivation is hedonic the avoidance of discomfort and the acquisition of pleasure.

9. Example: Janson is a high school senior who is graduating in the following semester. He has not thought about what he wants to do after graduation and has not explored college or job prospects. In the domain of occupation, his identity is diffused. He has not explored any options or made commitments to a particular goal.

10. So in this identity he/she has not done any kind of exploring/ committing to a vocation or set of beliefs.

11. Identity Foreclosure A commitment to an identity without a crisis. It occurs when parents hand down their traditions and commitments. Foreclosure involves committing to an identity prematurely without exploration or choice. low degree of exploration but a high degree of commitment. youth obtain their identity simply by accepting the beliefs and values of their family, community, and culture. This stage involves being highly committed to an identity without any exploration.

12. Example: Jennifer is passionate about music, but she is the daughter of two physicians and her parents expect her to follow in their footsteps. Jennifer enters a pre-med college program and abandons her musical interests

13. So in this identity he/she has not yet experienced an identity crisis/exploration but has made definite commitments to goals, values, and beliefs

14. Identity Moratorium Identity Moratorium In the midst of a crisis, searching for an identity to adopt. A stage of active exploration and a low commitment to a particular identity This stage occurs at any point during early to late adolescence and is one of the most typical identity statuses for adolescents. high degree of exploration but a low degree of commitment. They have not made any final decisions about which beliefs and values are most important to them

15. Example: Samantha was raised a Catholic, but has begun to read about other religions in order to discover her own religious identity. Last year, she started attending a Buddhist temple and has also attended a Jewish synagogue. She is unsure about which religion, if any, she wants to follow.

16. He /she is in an acute state of crisis/exploration when the individual is actively seeking and/or examining values to eventually call his/her own

17. Identity Achievement Identity Achievement Identity is said to be achieved when the adolescent has undergone a crisis (exploration)and now made a commitment to a particular identity. A high degree of commitment and an equally high degree of exploration with regard to that identity. At this identity, status youth will have decided what values and goals are most important to them, and what purpose, or mission will direct their life. This can be achieved their identity by a process of active exploration and strong commitment to a particular set of values, beliefs, and life goals

18. Example: Richard read a book about vegan diets and decided to consult a nutritionist about devising a diet plan for himself. He researched vegan diets and found the research evidence personally compelling enough to become vegan. He has been a vegan for three years and is secure in his identity

19. So in this identity he/she has gone through the process of exploration/crisis but has resolved the identity issues on own terms

20. Identity Status Shift: Throughout the lifecycle identity status shifts will occur. When identity status change occurs (in late adolescence and young adulthood), the change is more than twice as likely to be progressive as opposed to regressive. When disequilibrium occurs, a period of re-construction begins. These periods of re-construction are called the moratorium-achievement-moratorium-achievement (MAMA) cycles and each person's life there are a minimum of three MAMA cycles, corresponding with the three remaining psychosocial stages.

21. MAMA CYCLE M oratorium A chievement M otivation A chievement

22. Conclusion: Marcia's theory is the assumption that a mature and well-adjusted person possesses a well-defined and individually determined identity. Diffused status makes it very difficult for adolescents and emerging adults to profit from educational environments. Foreclosed youth become anxious and depressed when their personal values are threatened or when they lose close relationships that force them to move on Moratorium youth are anxious and unhappy in environments that demand conformity and little or no room for exploration. Identity-achieved youth become uncertain and self-conscious when they find their firm goals and values are not proving to help them achieve success

23. References: Adams, G. R. (1999). The objective measure of ego identity status: A manual on theory and test construction. Retrieved from http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gadams/ Adams, G. R., Gullotta, T. P., & Montemayor, R. (1992). Adolescent identity formation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Marcia, J. E., Waterman, A., Matteson, D., Archer, S., & Orlofsky, J. (1993). Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research. New York: Springer. Schwartz, S. J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian and neo-Eriksonian identity theory and research: A review and integration. Identity, 1(1), 7-58. https://zanl13.wordpress.com/james-marcias-identity-statuses/#comments https://www.mentalhelp.net/ an American addiction centers resource.