psychoanalytic Theory.pptx, MSc. Nursing

Psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Frued, for GNM, BSc. Nursing, MSc Nursing

1. PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

2. Psychoanalytic theory was formulated by Sigmund Freud (1856- 1939), an Austrian Neurologist. He is the father of Psychoanalytic theory. He was the first to identify development by stages. 2 INTRODUCTION

3. He considered the first 5 years of a child's life to be the most important, because he believed that an individual's basic character had been formed by the age of 5. Sigmund freud categorized personality theory according to Psychic Structure , Dynamic and Development

4. Relationship between Psychic Structure, Dynamic and Development Structure provides the framework, and dynamics describe the ongoing activity within and around that framework, with development being the continuous evolution of both over a lifetime. 4

5. 5 PSYCHIC STRUCTURE

6. The Id is ruled by "pleasure principle" (I Want, I Want, I Want) Present at birth Cares only to satisfy needs and to achieve immediate gratification . Id driven behaviors are impulsive and maybe irrational. 6 ID

7. The Ego is ruled by “Reality Principle" , "You can't always get what you want. Develop between 4-6 months. Primary function of the ego is one of mediator , that is, to maintain harmony among the external world, the id, and the superego. Ego controls access of idea to conscious. EGO

8. Ego uses various mechanisms to help persons emotionally safe. Ego guides person to acceptable behaviour . Ego directs motor and all cognitive functions. 8

9. Works on "perfection principle". The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one's parents and others. It develops around the age of 3-6 years. It provides guidelines for making judgements. It is composed of two major components: the ego-ideal and the conscience. 9 SUPER EGO

10. When the child is rewarded for good behavior the self esteem is enhanced and the behavior becomes part of the Ego ideal ; when the child is punished for bad behavior conscience is developed. The super ego is important in the socialization of the individual as it assists the ego in the control of id impulses. When the superego becomes rigid and punitive, problems with low confidence and low self esteem arise. 10

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12. 12 TOPOGRAPHY OF MIND

13. The conscious includes all memories that remain within an individual's awareness. Events and experiences that are easily remembered or retrieved are considered to be conscious awareness. Examples: Telephone numbers Birthday of self & dates of special holidays 13 CONSCIOUS

14. The preconscious includes all memories that may have been forgotten or are not in present awareness but with attention can be readily recalled into consciousness. Examples: Telephone numbers or addresses once known but little used Trying to remember the what you eat in breakfast 5 day ago. 14 PRE CONSCIOUS

15. The unconscious includes all memories that one is unable to bring to conscious awareness. It consists of unpleasant & non essential memories such as pain, anxiety & conflict According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence our behavior and experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences. 15 UNCONSCIOUS

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17. Freud believed that psychic energy is the force required for mental functioning. He called this psychic energy (or the drive to fulfil basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sex) the Libido As the child matures, psychic energy is diverted from the id to form the ego and then from the ego to form the superego . 17 DYNAMIC OF PERSONALITY

18. If an excessive amount of psychic energy is stored in one of these personality components, behavior will reflect that part of the personality. Freud used the terms Cathexis and Anticathexis to describe the forces within the id, ego, and superego that are used invest psychic energy in external sources to satisfy needs. 18

19. Cathexis Cathexis is the process by which id invest energy into an object to in an attempt to achieve gratification. An example :-Individual who turn on alcohol to relieve stress. 19

20. Anticathexis Anticathexis is the use of psychic energy by the ego & the superego to control id impulses. In eg , the ego attempt to control the use of alcohol with rational thinking, such as, 'I already have ulcers from drinking too much. The superego would exert control with, 'I shouldn't drink. If I drink, my family will be hurt & angry. Freud believes that an imbalance between cathexis & anticathexis resulted in internal conflicts, producing tension & anxiety in individual. 20

21. Freud describes formation of the personality through 5 stages of Psychosexual development . He believes that characteristics developed during these early years bore heavily on one’s adaption pattern and personality trait in adulthood. 21

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23. Stage Focus on Libido Main characteristics Successful task completion Examples of unsuccessful task completion Oral , Birth – 2 years Mouth Primary focus on oral stimulation , use mouth and tongue to deal with anxiety, e.g. sucking , feeding Oral gratification Smoking ,Alcoholism obesity , nail biting, drug addiction , difficulty in trusting other Anal , 2-3 years Anus Primary focus is on controlling bladder and bowels – eliminating / retaining feces, anus provides sensual pleasure , toilet training can be a crisis. Bowel and bladder control Constipation , perfectionism , OCD

24. 24 Stage Focus on Libido Main characteristics Successful task completion Examples of unsuccessful task completion Phallic 3-7 years Genitalia Learn sexual identity and awareness of genital area as source of pleasure; conflict ends as child represses urge and identifies with same sex parent. The development of electra complex ( in girls )and Oedipus complex ( in boys ) occurs during this stage of development. Freud described this as the child's unconscious desire to eliminate the parent of the same sex and to possess the parent of opposite sex Becomes aware of sexuality Homosexuality, trans-sexuality, sexual identity problems in general, difficulty accepting authority

25. Stage Focus on Libido Main characteristics Successful task completion Examples of unsuccessful task completion Latency , 7-11 years None A quite stage in sexual development with greater focus on intellectual and social pursuits. Focus on relationship with same sex peers . Learns to socialize Inability to conceptualize, lack of motivation in school or job Genital 11 years - adulthood Genital Sexual maturity and satisfactory relationships with the opposite sex Sexual maturity Frigidity, impotence premature ejaculation, unsatisfactory relationships 25

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