Public presentation.pptx................

Such a good presentation

1. Public Presentation PROFESSOR SAMIRA KASMI 2022-2023

2. OUTLINE ENHACING YOUR VOICE QUALITY STRENTHNING YOUR PRESENCE Preparing and Delivering Presentations QUESTION-ANSWER SESSION

3. Public P resentation Both written communication and oral communication are vital to your personal success and to the success of the business or organization where you work . The amount of time you spend giving presentations will vary widely depending on your position and level of responsibility within an organization. Certain jobs require extensive oral communication. Sales representatives regularly make informative and persuasive presentations to prospective customers. Mediators must present convincing arguments for their proposed solution(s) to all parties involved in a specific situation. Public relations specialists must organize and moderate news conferences .

4. ENHANCING YOUR VOICE QUALITY Enhancing Your Voice Qualities Proper Control of Breathing : High-quality sound with adequate volume depends on the proper use of one raw material —air. By controlling the amount of air you inhale and exhale while speaking, =>you can improve the quality of the sounds you make . To have the necessary air control for efficient speaking =>you should breathe from your diaphragm . Good posture controls the balance between your vocal cords and helps enrich your voice . Pr Samira Kasmi 4

5. Proper Control of Jaw, Tongue, and Lips 2. Proper Control of Jaw, Tongue, and Lips The sound produced through the exhaled air is modified by the resonators and formed into vowels and consonants by the articulators (tongue, jaw, teeth, cheeks, lips , and hard and soft palates ) tight jaw , tight tongue , and tight lips cause mumbled, muffled speech sounds that are hard to hear and difficult to understand . Pronunciation, enunciation, and sound clarity depend on your jaw being flexible and your tongue and lips being loose and alive . Deep breathing and controlled use of your jaw, tongue, and lips will enable you to achieve full, rich tones

6. Using Your Voice Effectively 3. Using Your Voice Effectively The important characteristics of voice quality are pitch, volume, speed , tone , emphasis , enunciation , pronunciation

7. Using Your Voice Effectively Pitch Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of your voice . A voice that is too high or too low may be distracting to your listener or audience. Pitch has two important aspects : • Finding your natural pitch and, assuming it is not too shrill or too deep, using it •Varying your pitch to provide interest and emphasis while speaking FIND YOUR NATURAL PITCH AND USE IT To determine your natural pitch, yawn deeply three times. Then say aloud, “My natural pitch is . . . .” Use your natural pitch to avoid damaging your vocal cords VARY YOUR PITCH WHILE SPEAKING

8. Using Your Voice Effectively Volume A major aspect of using your voice effectively is volume —the intensity of sound. Proper volume control enables you to be heard appropriately by your listeners. Volume control also enables you to vary your emphasis to achieve dynamic, forceful oral communication . USE THE APPROPRIATE VOLUME LEVEL The first goal of volume control is to be heard by every member of the audience. The value of what you have to say will be lost unless the audience can hear you. You want to project your voice, not shout. Shouting can create a communication barrier . Make adjustments as you go based on audience feedback VARY YOUR VOLUME FOR EMPHASIS

9. Using Your Voice Effectively Speed Changing the speed of your oral communication provides interest and emphasis. The monotone voice we all try to avoid uses not only the same pitch and volume level but also the same speed. The rate at which you speak should be adapted to the message and the size of the audience. Simple points and illustrations may be made at a quick pace. However, complex or technical material and main points necessitate a slower pace.

10. Tone Tone is possibly your most important voice quality. Tone is the way the message sounds to a receiver. Your tone can convey feelings such as concern, irritation, confidence, tentativeness, excitement, calmness, disrespect, courtesy, and detachment. The same sentence, spoken with a different tone, can have a dramatically different meaning. The words, I know what you mean, can be said with a concerned tone, conveying understanding; with an irritated tone, conveying frustration; or with a skeptical tone , conveying mistrust . Most business communication situations call for a friendly, objective, businesslike tone that conveys warmth, strength, and respect.

11. Emphasis You can give emphasis to your oral communication by varying your pitch, volume, speed , and tone. The following exercise will help you vary your emphasis and give different meanings to the same words. Say each of the following sentences aloud, giving emphasis to the highlighted word: • You can improve your voice. (Stresses who) • You can improve your voice. (Stresses ability) • You can improve your voice. (Stresses action) • You can improve your voice. (Stresses ownership) • You can improve your voice . (Stresses what ) You can generate interest and communicate different meanings. You can strengthen the force, power, and effectiveness of your oral communication by using variations in your voice.

12. Using Your Voice Effectively Enunciation Enunciation refers to saying all the sounds in a word clearly. Sound each part of a word clearly and accurately by moving your tongue and lips fully . One type of enunciation error that results from doing this is the dropping of end letters from words , Give each word its fair share of time so that each part can be sounded properly and each can be heard distinctly Say talking instead of talkin , going to instead of gonna , and studying instead of studyin

13. Using Your Voice Effectively Pronunciation The way in which you join sounds to say a word is called pronunciation. You can make sounds distinctly (enunciate clearly) but still not pronounce a word correctly . Your listeners expect you to speak correctly. Doing so minimizes the potential for a communication barrier and helps receivers focus on the content of your message . If you are not sure how to pronounce a word, do not use it until you check a dictionary or learn from another person how to pronounce it correctly.

14. Strengthening Your Presence Your presence consists of your poise and bearing. It includes your tangible and intangible nonverbal communication. The important aspects of presence are: Confidence Enthusiasm Sincerity friendliness eye contact body actions appearance .

15. Strengthening Your Presence Confidence Whether you are talking to one person or several, your receiver(s) will sense the level of confidence you possess. For a strong presence, business professionals need the right amount of confidence—neither too little nor too much . TOO LITTLE CONFIDENCE: In one-on-one situations, too little confidence= is referred to as nervousness; speaking to larger groups = stage fright .

16. Strengthening Your Presence A speaker’s discomfort may be reflected in a quivering voice; Shaking hands ; perspiration ; inability to think clearly; inability to respond to questions; Or other unpleasant mental, emotional, or physical symptoms As a result, they may lose credibility with their audience and reduce the effectiveness of the communication. For some individuals, too little confidence is caused by negative thinking and unrealistic expectations

17. Strengthening Your Presence TOO MUCH CONFIDENCE Too much confidence can also inhibit oral communication effectiveness. The overconfident speaker projects a know-it-all attitude and a lack of concern for the audience. Your audience will respond negatively to overconfidence by rejecting you and your messag

18. Strengthening Your Presence AN EFFECTIVE LEVEL OF CONFIDENCE Self-centeredness causes both underconfidence and overconfidence To achieve an effective confidence level , keep the emphasis on your listeners and use the you–viewpoint . You won’t be too concerned about yourself if you are thinking about the needs, concerns, and interests of others. As a speaker, you need to sound authoritative as opposed to authoritarian, knowledgeable but not a know-it-all , and definitive rather than hesitant.

19. Strengthening Your Presence D eveloping an effective level of confidence include careful preparation, diligent practice, and attention to your personal appearance. Sustain confidence by maintaining eye contact with your audience; talking in a strong, clear voice with sufficient volume; and observing and reacting to audience feedback.

20. Strengthening Your Presence Enthusiasm Enthusiasm is contagious—if it is genuine. When you are enthusiastic, your audience will become enthusiastic and positive about the ideas you express . Enthusiasm can excite listeners, spark their interest, and keep them alert . enthusiasm:=> speaking with energy and animation. Variations in pitch, volume, and speed. Facial expressions : smiles and raised eyebrows . Eyes that are wide open, alive, and sparkling

21. Strengthening Your Presence Sincerity Effectiveness is enhanced if the audience perceives the speaker to be sincere. Inappropriate gestures or facial expressions reflect insincerity and an apparent lack of concern for an audience. A n insincere speaker may have difficulty gaining or maintaining credibility You communicate sincerity when the general tone of your oral presentation conveys that your message is important. Your message should be presented in a warm, friendly, and caring manner.

22. Strengthening Your Presence Friendliness The speaker who can project a gracious , caring, and respectful image—a warm friendliness—can relate more effectively to a listener or to an audience. A smiling face, a well-paced approach, and a genuine concern for feedback exhibit friendliness and an honest interest in your receivers . This friendliness conveys believability and genuineness that can engage an audience.

23. Strengthening Your Presence Eye Contact Appropriate eye contact reflects confidence, interest, honesty, and sincerity . Failure to establish eye contact reflects a lack of confidence =< projectan image of weakness, insincerity, fear, and dishonesty . When making a presentation, be sure to engage receivers in all areas of the room . Make each person feel that he or she is having a one-on-one conversation with you .

24. Strengthening Your Presence Body Actions These nonverbal signals include facial expressions , posture, gestures , and body movements .

25. Strengthening Your Presence FACIAL EXPRESSIONS Regardless of the words you say, your eyes and your face will convey your true feelings. Show your sincerity and friendliness in your facial expressions. nonverbal signals of you face shouldmatch your verbal message . GESTURES Your hands, arms, shoulders, and head can convey important supporting nonverbal signals . Gestures should be natural POSTURE An upright, correct posture will improve your appearance and give you a feeling of confidence . You do not want to appear pompous or stiff but rather natural and comfortable

26. Strengthening Your Presence Appearance The final aspect to consider in strengthening your presence is your appearance. Your personal appearance can be either a barrier or an asset to effective oral communication. Appearance is an important part of the total communication environment , =>a first impression . You have to accept and work with the raw material of your own basic appearance. Choose tasteful clothing . Be sure both your clothing and your accessories are appropriate for the occasion and the audience. You should be neatly groomed. Good appearance => increase your confidence and improve your credibility

27. Preparing and Delivering Presentations The purpose ( a ) to inform the audience of certain facts or (b) to persuade or motivate the audience to accept a point of view or take a certain action

28. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation The foundation for a successful oral presentation is preparation. Speakers who do not prepare are telling the audience members they are unworthy of the speaker’s best effort. Thorough preparation builds a speaker’s confidence and assures the audience of an interesting and informative presentation.

29. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation STEP 1: DETERMINE YOUR PURPOSE Stating the purpose in terms of the expected result will help to narrow your focus. For example : When the primary purpose of an oral presentation is to inform => want the audience to learn, to understand, or to know more about the topic When the primary purpose is to persuade or motivate=>you want the audience either to adopt your viewpoint or to take specific action

30. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation 2.ANALYZE YOUR AUDIENCE to decide exactly who will be in the audience and why. A captive audience is generally less receptive than one who attends voluntarily . Consider how the time of the presentation will affect the audience Analyze each member’s knowledge, interests, attitudes, and potential emotional reaction regarding your topic

31. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation 3.GATHER SUPPORTING INFORMATION . A good presentation typically has three to five main points no matter the time made available for the presentation. These points represent the essential information you want to get across to the audience. You are T o gather ideas and materials to support the development of your oral presentation ===  Conduct your research for an oral presentation in the same manner that you would if preparing for a written report . Use primary sources, print and electronic secondary sources, and/or personal experience illustrations , explanations, quotations, statistics , Use only credible sources and realistic examples. Be sure to record citation information for material drawn from copyrighted sources

32. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation Step 4: ORGANIZE YOUR PRESENTATION Organize your presentation based on your main points and analysis of the audience. Resist the temptation to include all the material ; Sort the material you have collected into three sets: • Materials you must include (those closely related to your main idea) • Materials you should include (those that support your main idea) • Materials you could include (related background materials)

33. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation Step 5:SELECT APPROPRIATE PRESENTATION AIDS A n oral presentation can draw on sound, sight, touch , taste, and smell . presentation aids can be an asset in conveying a message. Visuals can spark interest, add variety, increase comprehension and retention of material, help to hold an audience’s attention. simple , clear , and pertinent

34. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation Step 6. PREPARE YOUR PRESENTATION 1 . Opening 2. Body 3. Closing Each part of a presentation must be prepared carefully.

35. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation 1.The Opening. An effective opening is crucial. The audience evaluates your credibility and capability as a speaker in the first few minutes A good first impression Effective ways to open a presentation include: a surprising statement, a quotation, an anecdote, a story, a question, a problem statement, a historical reference, an impressive statistic, a visual aid , a reference to the situation, or an illustration . View the opening as an opportunity to show your audience why the topic is important to them, to give an overview of the talk, and to lead into the body of your presentation.

36. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation 2 The body IT contains most of the information about your main points . identify clearly each main point in the body as you come to it. This “reorientation” can be done with verbal references or visual aids USE SIGNPOSTS Decide which organizational pattern(s) work best for your topic and audience Cause & effect Comparison & contrast Problem solution Time seuqence

37. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation 3. The Closing. The closing should summarize the main points of your presentation, specify what the audience should do, and leave the audience with a positive feeling about you and your topic or ideas . The words and nonverbal signals should point to the end of the message. Say, “In summary,” “In closing ,” “ To review,” or “In conclusion The summary should be a simple statement designed to recap the main points of your presentation. It may be followed by advice on how to use the information .

38. END POSITIVELY Endings, like beginnings, are important points of emphasis. Deliver the closing with a clear, strong voice. Your poise and bearing should be at their best even if the body of your presentation did not meet your highest expectations. At this point, eye contact with the audience should be 100 percent. You should be focusing exclusively on your audience and using the you–viewpoint

39. Keys for Successfully Preparing an Effective Oral Presentation REHEARSE YOUR PRESENTATION Using the notes and presentation aids you have developed, rehearse your oral presentation. Plan your hand gestures and walking patterns . Practice how, when, and where you will move. Rehearsals will help you identify and correct distracting mannerisms

40. Mannerisms That Distract Using fillers (for example, uhm , OK, like, ya know) • Grasping the podium tightly • Tugging at or playing with clothing or jewelry • Having your back facing the audience when presenting visual aids • Overusing gestures so they no longer seem natural • Touching your hair, face, or ears • Clicking a pen • Clearing your throat

41. Mannerisms That Distract Looking at your watch • Adjusting or removing/replacing your glasses • Tapping the lectern or projector with a pen, pencil, or pointer • Shaking your finger at the audience • Picking at your fingernails • Rocking back and forth on your feet • Pacing back and forth nervously • Jingling the change in your pocket • Looking far above the audience members’ heads

42. Q uestion- answer session To answer the questions= possibility to be positively related + to clarify some points and highlight some ideas 4 types of questions: information opinion Negative et hostile Off the subject

43. How to aswer When a question is asked, listen carefully. Repeat the question so that all may hear it and you have a moment to organize your thoughts before responding. When answering, use a conversational style and look primarily at the person who asked the question . Deflect hostile or negative questions by rephrasing them before answering. If someone asks a question unrelated to the topic, offer to meet with him or her after the presentation to discuss it.

44. Be conscious of the nonverbal messages your gestures and body language convey as you respond to a question. If an audience member makes a comment instead of asking a question , when he or she takes a breath, interrupt and thank him or her for the comment and ask for the next question . Don’t evaluate questions

45. Go to your presentation as a winner What I’m going to say is interesting et will interest stress and anxiety =normal reaction