Punctuation & Capitalization_Presentation.pptx

punctuations and capitalizations

1. Punctuation Marks: Uses and Importance An Introduction to Common Punctuation Marks with Examples

2. Importance of Punctuation Marks HISTORY OF PUNCTUATIONS

3. Importance of Punctuation Marks Punctuation marks are important because they: Help clarify meaning and avoid confusion . Organize and structure sentences . Convey the tone and intent of the writer . Ensure effective communication in writing .

4. Without Proper Punctuation: Let's eat grandma! With Proper Punctuation: Let's eat, grandma! 🟢 Now you're inviting grandma to eat with you. 🔴 This sounds like you're telling someone to eat grandma!

5. Without Proper Punctuation: I find inspiration in cooking my family and my dog. With Proper Punctuation: I find inspiration in cooking, my family, and my dog. 🔴 This sounds like you're cooking your family and your dog! 🔴 Now it clearly lists three sources of inspiration: cooking, your family, and your dog.

6. . (Period) Used to end a declarative sentence. Example: She went to the market.

7. ? (Question Mark) Use: Used at the end of a direct question. Example: What time is it?

8. ! (Exclamation Point) Used to express strong emotion or surprise. It can express surprise, excitement, anger, command, or urgency. Example: Watch out! This is the best day ever! I can’t believe you did that!

9. , (Comma) Used to separate items in a list or clauses. signals a short pause, helping the reader understand the flow of the sentence Example: I bought apples, oranges, and bananas. After dinner, we went for a walk.

10. ; (Semicolon) Use: T o connect independent clauses. Example: I wanted to go; however, it was late. Before a conjunctive adverb (however, therefore, moreover, consequently, etc.) that joins two independent clauses: 🔸 He forgot to set his alarm; consequently, he was late for school.

11. : (Colon) Used to introduce a list, quote, or explanation. Example: She brought three things: a pen, a notebook, and a calculator. The teacher reminded us of the school motto: Our Best Always ( Complete sentence + colon + quotation)

12. - (Hyphen) Used to join words or split a word at the end of a line. Forms compound words Example: This is a well-known author. My sister-in-law baked a mouth-watering chocolate cake for the party. Clarifies prefixes/suffixes The re-examination will be held next week. Please check the pre-existing conditions carefully. mother-in-law twenty-five anti-inflammatory

13. – (En Dash) Use: Used to indicate ranges. Example: Example: The meeting is scheduled for July 5–7.

14. — (Em Dash) Used to indicate a break in thought or a parenthetical phrase. can replace commas, parentheses, or colons to create a stronger break in a sentence. It adds emphasis or interruption. Example: She was going to call—until the power went out. She brought all her favorite things—books, coffee, and candles. I was going to explain—but then he walked away.

15. — (Em Dash) Use: Used to indicate a break in thought or a parenthetical phrase. Example: Example: She was going to call—until the power went out.

16. " " (Quotation Marks) Used to show direct speech or quotations. used to enclose exact words spoken or written by someone , as well as for titles and special uses . Use quotation marks for titles of short works like: Example: He said, "I’ll be there soon." In his speech, the president said, "The future of this country is in your hands.“ Poems : "The Road Not Taken"

17. ' (Apostrophe) Used to show possession or contractions. Example: It's John's book. It’s raining outside. (= It is) I can’t believe you did that! (= cannot) Mind your p’s and q’s. The apostrophes in p’s and q’s are used to make the plural of single lowercase letters . He got all A’s on his report card.

18. ' (Apostrophe) Used to show possession or contractions. Example: It's John's book.

19. () (Parentheses) Used to insert extra information. Example: She finally answered (after five minutes of thinking).

20. … ( Ellipsis ) An ellipsis is a series of three dots ( … ) used in writing to indicate a pause, omission, or trailing off of thought. Example: "I thought I saw someone there, but...“ To Show Omitted Words in a Quotation Example: Original: "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world."→ Shortened: "Education is the most powerful weapon … to change the world

21. ✨ Quotation Marks (" ") 🔹 1. To show direct speech or a person's exact words. Use quotation marks around the exact words someone says. Example:🔸 She said, "I will study harder next time.“ 🔸 "Be quiet," the teacher warned. 🔹 2. To enclose titles of short works Use quotation marks for titles of: Poems, Short stories,Songs,TV episodes, Articles, Chapters in books. Example:🔸 We read "The Gift of the Magi" in class. 🔸 My favorite song is "Let It Go."

22. ✨ Quotation Marks (" ") 3. To indicate a word being discussed or used in a special way. Use quotes when you're referring to a word as a word, or giving it special emphasis. Example:🔸 What does "empathy" mean? 🔸 The word "unicorn" is often used in myths. 🔹4. To show sarcasm or irony (informally)Quotation marks can show that a word is being used sarcastically or with irony. Example:🔸 He’s really “helpful” — he just stood there doing nothing.

23. Capitalization : Uses and Importance

24. Capitalization : Uses and Importance

25. is the use of uppercase (capital) letters at the beginning of specific words. 📚 Uses of Capitalization 1. Start of a Sentence Always capitalize the first word of every sentence. Example: The sun is shining today. Can you help me with this?

26. 2. Proper Nouns (Names of Specific People, Places, Things) Capitalize the names of specific: People: Maria, Dr. Santos Places: Manila, Asia, Mount Apo Brands: Nike, Coca-Cola Days & Months: Monday, July Institutions: Department of Education, Notre Dame School 3. Pronoun “I”, Titles of Books, Movies, and Works, Holidays and Special Events, Nationalities, Languages, and Religions Titles When Used with Names Capitalize titles that come before a person’s name. Example: President Marcos, Dr. Cruz, Governor Garcia✔️ But not if the title stands alone: Example: The president gave a speech.

27. 4. Capitalize the first word in a direct quotation Example:🔸 He said, "We will win this game.“ 5. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, and brands Example:🔸 United Nations, Department of Education, Nike, Google