PURPOSIVE Com_CHAPTER6. complete lecture

purposive communication

1. chapter 6 EVALUATING
MESSAGES AND
IMAGES

2. What is the
message?
The Reader and the
Audience
Ways used to Convey
Messages from
Various Texts Read
Table of
Contents

3. A message is the idea, information, or thought
the sender wants to share.
It can be verbal (words) or nonverbal
(actions, tone, gestures).
Example: Saying ‘Hello’ = message of greeting.
(ThoughtCo, Aug. 8, 2020)
"A message is the actual content of
communication. It can be simple words, or
even body language and expressions."
What is Message?

4. Role of a Message
Messages are the core of
communication.
They can:
Inform (share knowledge)
Persuade (convince others)
Express feelings (show emotions)
Instruct (give directions)
Without a message → no
communication happens.

5. Communication in Today’s
Generation
Communication today has drastically changed.
Messages are sent through different channels: face-to-face, digital,
social media.
Brantley & Miller (2007):
Effective messages = understanding communication cycle.
Apply principles of effective communication when responding to
others.
Senders must use awareness and sensitivity.
"Today, communication is faster and more complex. Effective senders
must be careful, sensitive, and aware of how their messages will be
understood."

6. Types of Messages
VERBAL MESSAGE
Spoken or written words.
Examples: talking, texting, writing.
NON-VERBAL MESSAGE
Body language, tone of voice, eye contact,
gestures, posture.
Sometimes more powerful than words.

7. Greeting = wave + ‘Hi’
Anger = loud tone + crossed arms
Interest = nodding + leaning forward
Silence = also a message (agreeing,
refusing, waiting)
If verbal and nonverbal do not match
→ confusion (Burtis & Turman,
2010).
Examples in Daily Life

8. Communication is the way people send and receive messages.
It can be spoken, written, or even through actions and signals.
Communication is called effective only when:
The receiver understands the message clearly
It creates a reaction – either action, agreement, or new ideas
Example: If a teacher gives instructions, it is effective when
students follow correctly.
(Bovee, Thill & Schatzman, Business Communication Essentials,
2004)
Communicating Messages

9. Message in a Rhetorical Act Rhetoric means the art of influencing or persuading people
using symbols like words, pictures, or gestures.
A rhetorical act is:
Planned carefully, not accidental
Made for a specific audience (example: a speech for students
is different from one for parents)
Focused on a specific problem or issue
Has a clear beginning, middle, and end created by the speaker
or writer
Example: A campaign speech that encourages people to vote is a
rhetorical act.
(Campbell & Huxman, The Rhetoric Act, 2009)

10. Ancient thinkers like Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian explained
that persuasion uses three proofs:
1.Logos (Logical proof) – reasoning, facts, and evidence.
Example: statistics, research, clear arguments.
2.Ethos (Ethical proof) – the speaker’s credibility, honesty, and
values. Example: a doctor giving health advice is trusted.
3.Pathos (Emotional proof) – appeals to feelings like fear, love,
anger, or hope. Example: a charity ad showing hungry children.
A speaker who uses all three can convince and move the
audience effectively.
(Golden et al., The Rhetoric of Western Thought, 2003)Messages in Classical Rhetoric

11. Messages in the Media
In modern times, media plays a big role in communication.
A strong and effective media message has 2 key parts:
1.It is simple, direct, and easy to understand. Example: “Save Water Today.”
2.It defines the issue in your own words so the audience sees your
perspective.
People who are media literate can:
Understand the hidden meanings in ads, news, or social media posts
Notice how messages are used to influence people’s opinions
Think critically and not be easily fooled by false information
Example: Knowing that an ad is trying to make you buy something by using
emotional appeal.
(Potter, Media Literacy, 2008)

12. Before you send a message, you must know why you are sending
it.
The purpose guides:
1.What you will say
2.How you will say it
Jennifer Lombardo: “Determining the purpose of your message is
the first step in deciding what you say and how you want to say
it.”
In communication, messages can have different purposes like
informing, persuading, or showing goodwill.
Purpose of the Message
04

13. Definition: Messages that give information or share
facts.
Often used in daily tasks, instructions, processes, or
workplace communication.
Qualities:
Clear and easy to understand
Straight to the point (no unnecessary words)
Examples:
Teacher giving directions for homework
Company memo about new office rules
SONA (State of the Nation Address) – about
employment, education, and national updates
Informative Messages

14. Definition: Messages that try to convince or influence people.
Must be specific, clear, and measurable in the goal.
Uses the AIDA Model:
Attention – catch the listener’s focus
Interest – make them curious
Desire – show benefits or reasons
Action – ask them to decide or act
Examples:
Salesperson convincing a customer to buy a product
A student leader persuading classmates to join a school
campaignPersuasive Messages

15. Goodwill Messages Definition: Messages that show kindness, friendliness, or
sincerity.
Express feelings like gratitude, appreciation, congratulations,
sympathy, or invitation.
Purpose: build good relationships and spread positive
feelings.
Examples:
Saying “Congratulations!” during recognition day
Sending a “Thank You” note to a teacher
Expressing sympathy to a friend who lost a loved one
Mary Ellen Guffy (1998): Goodwill messages carry warm
wishes and sincere thoughts.

16. READER

17. A reader is someone who reads books, newspapers,
magazines, or any text.
Readers play a vital role in communication because
they give meaning to what they read.
A reader interprets a text by:
Looking at relationships of ideas in the text
Deciding whether to accept or reject the message
Responding based on emotions (feelings) or intellect
(thinking) Who is a Reader?

18. Interpretation – Readers create meaning
from the text they read.
Comprehension – The heart of reading is
understanding.
Reading is an active process, not passive.
Readers may:
1.Agree or disagree with the text
2.Connect the text to their own experiences
3.Ask questions or form opinions about what
they read
What Do Readers Do?

19. Reading comprehension = building meaning from text.
It is a complex interaction between the text and the reader.
Comprehension depends on:
Reader’s knowledge (what you already know)
Memory and focus
Basic reading skills (decoding words, vocabulary)
Language skills (understanding sentence structures)
Inferencing (guessing hidden meaning)
Motivation (interest in the topic)
A good reader uses both automatic skills (quick reading) and
strategic skills (thinking deeply).Reading and Comprehension

20. Messages come from texts we read (print or online).
Readers evaluate messages in different ways → this shows
different levels of comprehension.
Sources of messages:
1.Printed texts → books, newspapers, magazines, journals,
research papers
2.Online texts → websites, blogs, social media posts
Readers from different cultures may respond differently to
the same text.
This is because of their language skills and cultural
background (Hamp-Lyons, 1989; Kroll, 2003).What Do We Do With Messages?

21. INTERPRETING
MESSAGES

22. Interpreting Messages from Texts We can understand
messages from texts in
many ways.
How we interpret
depends on:
Age (kids vs. adults)
Knowledge and
experience
Level of understanding
Example:
Children → focus on
pictures or simple
words.
Students/Adults →
look for deeper
meaning, ideas, or
lessons in the text.

23. Using Visuals
to Understand
Messages Images and illustrations make
messages easier to understand.
Visuals can:
Support or explain the
written text
Show emotions, actions, or
settings clearly
Make the message more
interesting and memorable
Example: A storybook with
pictures helps children imagine
the story better.

24. Examples of Texts with Visuals Comics and graphic novels → words + drawings tell
the story.
Infographics → data shown through pictures,
charts, and colors.
Textbooks → lessons supported by diagrams and
images.
Online posts → memes or social media messages
mix text with visuals.
These combine words and pictures so readers can get the
message more effectively.

25. ANY
QUESTIONS?

26. ACTIVITY

27. INSTRUCTION: On one whole sheet of yellow paper, choose one (1)
short text from the list below. Write a short paragraph
(3–5 sentences) that explains what the text means for
you. Use your own words and you can give simple
examples from your life, family, school, or community
if you want. After your explanation, make a small
drawing or doodle that shows the same message in a
creative way.

28. INSTRUCTION: “Honesty is the best policy.”
“Health is wealth.”
“Time is gold.”
“Don’t judge a book by its cover.”
“Kindness costs nothing but means
everything.”

29. The saying “Kindness costs nothing but means everything”
reminds us that being kind does not require money or big
effort. A simple smile, a helping hand, or kind words can
already make another person feel happy.
Alyssa Jane G. Ambonan BSEE 4-1
ACTIVITY # DATE