"Indigo" AHSEC Class 12 English notes by M MAB ® Learning

"Indigo" AHSEC Class 12 English notes by M MAB ® Learning.

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1. Indigo
VeryShortQuestionsAnswers:
1.WhoisSirEdwardGait?          [HS2012,15]
Ans.SirEdwardGaitwastheLieutenantGovernoroftheprovinceofChamparan.
2.WhowasRajkumarShukla?   [HS2012,16]
Ans.RajkumarShuklawasapoorsharecropperfromChamparan.
3.WhomdidGandhiandShuklaproposetomeetatPatna?                              [HS2013,17]
Ans.GandhiandShuklawantedtomeetRajendraPrasadatPatna.
4.WhywasGandhivisitingLucknowin1916?                                          [HS2013,20]
Ans.GandhivisitedLucknowin1916toattendtheannualmeetingoftheIndianNational
Congress.
5.WhereisChamparansituated?
                                                        [HS2014,18]
Ans.ChamparanwassituatedinthefoothillsoftheHimalayasinBiharandnearthekingdomof
Nepal.
6.WhatdidShuklawantGandhitodo?
                                                             [HS2015]
Ans.RajkumarShuklawantedGandhitovisithisdistrictChamparan.
7.WhatwasGandhi'spoliticsintertwinedwith?                                                    [HS2016]
Ans.Gandhi'spoliticswasintertwinedwiththepractical,daytodayproblemsofthemillions.
8.Whichcountryhasdevelopedsyntheticindigo?                                                [HS2019]
Ans.Germanyhasdevelopedsyntheticindigo.
9.WheredidGandhistayinMuzaffarpur?              
                                                             [HS2019]
Ans.GandhistayedfortwodaysinthehomeofProfessorMalkaniinMuzaffarpur.
ShortQuestionsAnswers:
10.WhydoyouthinkGandhiconsideredtheChamparanepisodetobeaturningpointinhis
life?                                                [HS2012]
                                   Or,
WhywastheChamparanepisodesosignificantinGandhi'slife?              [HS2016]
Ans.TheChamparanepisodewasaturningpointinGandhi'slife.Gandhihimselfacceptedit.It
wasthefirstmassmovementinIndia.Gandhitookupthecauseofthepoorpeasants.He
foughtagainsttheinjusticesofthecruellandlords.Theyextortedmoneyfromthepoor
sharecroppers.ButChamparandidn'tbeginasanactofdefiance.Themovementgrewoutof
Gandhi'sattempttoremovethedistressofthousandsofpoorpeasants.ltwasatypical

2. Gandhianmovement.
    ThesuccessofChamparanmarkedthefirstvictoryoftheCivilDisobedienceinmodeIndia.
Theamountoftherefundmoneywaslessimportant.MoreimportantwasthatEnglishlandlords
wereforcedtosurrenderpartofthemoney.Previouslytheybehavedaslordsabovethelaw.
NowtheIndianpeasantshadpeopletodefendtheirrights.
Aboveall,theChamparanepisodewasthebeginningoftheirliberationfromfearoftheBritish.
11.WhatwastheincidentthatpromptedGandhitoraisehisvoiceofprotestagainstthe
British?                                    [HS2013,17]
Ans.In1917GandhivisitedChamparanattherequestofRajkumarShuklatofightagainstthe
injusticedonetothesharecroppersofthedistrictbythelandlords.Gandhisucceededingetting
anhonorablesettlementforthesharecroppingpeasants.ThisChamparanepisodeprompted
GandhitoraisehisvoiceagainsttheBritish.
12.WhydidGandhichoosetogotoMuzaffarpurfirstbeforegoingonto
Champaran?                                       [HS2018]
Ans.GandhichoosestogotoMuzzafarpurfirstbecauseitwasaroutetoChamparanandhe
wantedtocollectmoreinformationaboutconditionsprevailinginChamparan.
13.HowwasasolutiontotheproblemofindigosharecroppersofChamparanfound?         
                                                             [HS2019]
Ans.GandhiwenttoBihartotakeupthecauseofpoorpeasants.Therewasahuge
demonstrationofthethousandsofpeasantstheverynextmorning.TheGovernmentwas
baffled.Acommissionofinquirywasconstituted.Gandhiwasthesolerepresentativeofthe
peasants.HeremainedinChamparanformorethansevenmonths.Thereweremany
evidencesagainstthelandlords.Theyhadillegallyextortedmoneyfromthesharecroppers.
Gandhiaskedfor50%refund.Theplantersofferedtorefundonly25%.Gandhiagreed.
14.WhywasProfessorMalkani'sactionofofferingsheltertoGandhi'extraordinary'?    
                                                             [HS2020]
Ans.ProfessorMalkaniwasateacherinaGovernmentschool.Itwasanextraordinarythingin
thosedaysforaGovernmentofficertoharbororshowsympathytoanadvocatehome-rulefor
India.
LongQuestionsAnswers:
15.DescribetheexploitationoftheindigosharecroppersbytheEnglishlandlords.DidGandhi
helpthemtogetanhonourablesettlement?                              [HS2013,17,20]
Ans.TheEnglishlandlordsinChamparancompelledallsharecropperstoplantl5%oftheir
holdingswithindigo.Theyhadtosurrendertheentireindigoharvestasrenttothelandlords.
Thiswasdonebyalong-termcontract.ThenGermanydevelopedsyntheticindigo.The
plantationofnaturalindigowasnomoreaprofitablebusinessforEnglishlandlords.They
decidedtofreetheIndiansharecroppersfromthe15%contract.Theyweretopay
compensationforthisfreedom.Thepeasantssawthroughthetrickandfraudofthelandlords.
Therefore,theyrefusedtopaycompensation.Thosewhohadsignedtheagreementdemanded
theirmoneyback.
       Yes,Gandhihelpsthemtogetanhonorablesettlement.HewenttoBihartotakeupthe
causeofpoorpeasants.Therewasahugedemonstrationofthousandsofpeasantsthevery

3. nextday.Thegovernmentwasbaffled.Acommissionofinquirywasconstituted.Gandhiwas
thesolerepresentativeofthepeasants.Thelandlordsdecidedtorefundthemoneytothe
peasants.Atlast,theysettledfor25%.Theamountofrefundwaslessimportant.Themore
importantthingwasthevictoryofthepeasantsandthevictoryoftheCivilDisobedienceinIndia.
16.DescribetheeffortsmadebyR.K.ShuklatopersuadeGandhitogotoChamparan?  
                                                             [HS2014]
Ans.GandhijihadgonetotheDecember1916AnnualConventionoftheIndianNational
CongressinLucknow.Apeasantcameuptoseehim.HewasRajkumarShukla.Helookedlike
anyotherpeasantinIndia.Hewaspoorandemaciated.HewasfromChamparan.Gandhijihad
neverheardoftheplace.ShuklaapprisedGandhijiabouttheinjusticesofthelandlordsystemin
Champaran.GandhijitoldShuklathathehadanappointmentinKanpur.Hewasalsocommitted
togotootherpartsofIndia.ShuklaaccompaniedGandhieverywhere.Gandhijireturnedtohis
ashramnearAhmedabad.Shuklaalsofollowedhimtotheashram.HebeggedGandhijitofixa
date.
      GandhijiwasimpressedbyShukla'stenacityandhonesty.GandhijiwastobeinCalcuttaon
aparticularday.HeaskedShuklatocomeandtakehimfromthere.Monthspassed.When
GandhijiarrivedatCalcuttahefoundShuklasittingthereonhishaunches.Hewaitedtill
Gandhijiwasfree.ThenbothofthemboardedatrainforPatnainBihar.FromthereGandhiji
wenttoMuzaffarpurandfromtheretoMotihari.Thenfinally,hecametoChamparan.
17.'ThebattleofChamparaniswon',Gandhiexclaimed.Explainthecontextinwhichthiswas
said.                                       [HS2015,16]
Ans.WhenGandhiwasinMotihari,theheadquarterofChamparandistrict,hewasservedwith
anoticetoleavethedistrictimmediately.Gandhisignedareceiptforthenoticeandwroteonit
thathewoulddisobeytheorder.Thereupon,hewassummonedtoappearintheCourtthenext
morning.ThenewsofGandhibeingsummonedtothecourtspreadandthousandsofpeasants
gatheredaroundthecourthousethenextmorning.Theirspontaneousdemonstrationbaffledthe
governmentanditwantedtopostponethedateoftrial.ButGandhiprotestedagainstthe
postponementandhetoldthecourtthathewasinvolvedina'conflictofduties-ontheonehand,
nottosetabadexampleasalawbreaker;ontheotherhand,hewastodojusticestothousands
ofpoorsharecroppers.Hedisobeyedtheordertoleavenotbecausehedidnothaverespectfor
thelawfulauthority,butbecauseofhisobediencetothevoiceofhisconscience.Butthe
magistratereservedthejudgmenttoalaterdate.RajendraPrasad,andmanyotherprominent
lawyerswhohadcometohelpGandhithenconferredamongthemselvesanddecidedtofollow
himintojail.AtthisGandhiexclaimedwithjoythat"ThebattleofChamparaniswon."
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