Quranic Encyclopedia Volume I Of Viii Tahir Ulqadri

Quranic Encyclopedia Volume I Of Viii Tahir Ulqadri
Quranic Encyclopedia Volume I Of Viii Tahir Ulqadri
Quranic Encyclopedia Volume I Of Viii Tahir Ulqadri

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6. VOLUME 1
QURANIC
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
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8. QURANIC
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
VOLUME 1
Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications
SHAYKH-UL-ISLAM
DR MUHAMMAD TAHIR-UL-QADRI

9. © Copyright 2019 Minhaj-ul-Quran International (MQI)
Author: Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri
First published June 2019 [UK]
Printed by Mega Printing, Turkey
www.minhaj.org I www.minhajuk.org
www.minhajpublications.com
ISBN: 978-1-908229-85-4 [vol.i]
ISBN: 978-1-908229-68-7 [set]
Acknowledgements
Shaheeb Hussain & Bilal Hussain
Published by
Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications
30 Brindley Road
Manchester
M16 9HQ
Typesetting
M Farooq Rana
Translation and Compilation Team
Waqas Ahmed Amin, Jawed Iqbal Tahiri,
Abdullah Ash-hab & M Farooq Rana
All rights reserved. Aside from fair use, meaning a few pages or less for
non-profit educational purposes, review, or scholarly citation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
translation or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright
owner Minhaj-ul-Quran International (MQI) and
Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri.
All proceeds from the books, literature and audio-visual media
(all multimedia) delivered by Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri are entirely donated
to Minhaj-ul-Quran International (MQI).

10. Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following individuals and organisations for
their support towards this project:
Ahmed Nawaz (Birmingham)
Aminh Qadri (Manchester)
Arshad Hussain (Sheffield)
Minhaj Dawah Project
Moazzam Raza (Nelson)
Mohammed Hamza Nawaz (Birmingham)
Mr and Mrs Arshad Aziz (Birmingham)
Mr and Mrs Mohammed Sarfraz (London)
Mubashir Sohail (Nottingham)
Rukhsana Parveen (Birmingham)
Shabber Shabir Mirza (Reading)
Shabnam Parveen (Birmingham)
Shahid Iqbal (London)
Syed Ali Abbas Bukhari (Slough)
Tahzeem Akthar (Bradford) late mother of Babar Khan (Bradford)
Shaheeb Hussain (Sheffield)
Minhaj Welfare Foundation
Minhaj-ul-Quran Birmingham
Minhaj-ul-Quran London

11. Transliteration of Arabic Words
t
alifI
ba
V
mintm
ra r
J
zaz
J
waw
J
ya
6
hamza*
-— (fatha) a
i
u
ta
tha
s
sb
t
th
d
J.
Ji
nun
ha
<7
k
I
i
h
kh
d
dh
r
a
a (long vowel)
b
ta
Zd
cayn
ghayn
fa
qdf
kaf
lam
s
d
jim
ha
khd
dal
dhdl
gh
f
'•r
L?
J
The following table shows the system followed in transliterating letters of
the Arabic alphabets:
-— {kasra} =
-— (damma) =
n
h
w (consonantal)
u
(long vowel)
y (consonantal)
1 (long vowel)
sin
shin
sad
dad
Short Vowels:

12. Formulaic Arabic Exressions
(Subhanahu wa ta'ala)—an invocation to describe the Glory of
Almighty Allah: ‘the Exalted and Sublime’
(Salla-Llahu calayhi wa alibi wa sallam}—an invocation of God’s
blessings and peace upon the Prophet Muhammad and his family: ‘God’s
blessings and peace be upon him and his family’
(cAlayhis-salam)—an invocation of God’s blessings and peace upon a
Prophet or an angel: ‘May peace be upon him’
(cAlayhas-salam)—an invocation of God’s blessings and peace upon a
Prophet’s mother, wife, daughter and other pious woman: ‘May peace be
upon her’
(cAlayhimas-salam)—an invocation of God’s blessings and peace upon
two Prophets or two angels: ‘May peace be upon both of them’
(cAlayhimus-salam)—an invocation of God’s blessings and peace upon
three or more Prophets: ‘May peace be upon them’
& (Radiya-Llahu canhu)—an invocation of God’s pleasure with a male
Companion of the Prophet Muhammad ‘May God be pleased with him’
(Radiya-Llahu canha)—an invocation of God’s pleasure with a female
Companion of the Prophet Muhammad ‘May God be pleased with her’
(Radiya-Llahu ‘anhuma)—an invocation of God’s pleasure with two
Companions of the Prophet Muhammad $>: ‘May God be pleased with
both of them’
(Radiya-Llahu 'anhum)—an invocation of God’s pleasure with more
than two Companions of the Prophet Muhammad ‘May God be pleased
with them’

13. I

14. Shaykh-ul-Islam
Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri
Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri was born in 1951 in
the city of Jhang, Pakistan, hailing from a family of Islamic saints,
scholars and teachers. His formal religious education was initiated in
Medina at the age of 12 in Madrasa al-'Ulum al-Shar'iyya, a
traditional school situated in the blessed house of the Companion of
the Prophet Muhammad Abu Ayyub al-Ansarl He completed
the traditional studies of classical and Arabic sciences under the
tutelage of his father and other eminent scholars of the time. He
continued to travel around the Islamic world in pursuit of sacred
knowledge, and studied under many famous scholars of Mecca,
Medina, Syria, Baghdad, Lebanon, the Maghreb, India and Pakistan,
and received around five hundred authorities and chains of
transmission from them in hadith and classical Islamic and spiritual
sciences. Amongst them is an unprecedented, unique and highly
honoured chain of authority which connects him, through five
teachers, to al-Ghawth al-A'zam al-Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilam
(of Baghdad), al-Shaykh al-Akbar Muhyi al-Din b. 'Arabi—the
author of al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya—(Damascus) and al-Hafiz Ibn
Hajar al-'Asqalanl, the great hadith authority of Egypt. Through
another chain he is linked to Imam Yusuf b. Isma'il al-Nabhani
directly via only one teacher. His chains of transmission are
published in two of his thabts (detailed lists): al-]awahir al-Bahira fl
al-Asanid al-Tahira and al-Subul al-Wahabiyya fi al-Asanid al-
Dhahabiyya.
In the academic sphere, Dr Qadri received a First Class Honours
Degree from the University of the Punjab in 1970. After earning his
MA in Islamic studies with University Gold Medal in 197Z and
ix

15. X
achieving his LLB in 1974, Dr Qadri began to practise law in the
district courts of Jhang. He moved to Lahore in 1978 and joined the
University of the Punjab as a lecturer in law and completed his
doctorate in Islamic Law. He was later appointed as a professor of
Islamic Law and was head of the department of Islamic legislation
for LLM.
Dr Qadri was also a jurist advisor to the Federal Shariat Court
and Appellate Shariah Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and
advisor on the development of Islamic Curricula to the Federal
Ministry of Education. Within a short span of time, Dr Qadri
emerged as one of the Pakistan’s leading Islamic jurists and scholars
and one of the world’s most renowned and leading authorities on
Islam. A prolific author, researcher and orator, Dr Qadri has written
around one thousand books, of which more than five hundred and
sixty have been published, and has delivered over six thousand
lectures (in Urdu, English and Arabic) on a wide range of subjects.
In 2010, Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri issued
his historic and world-renowned fatwa on the critical matter of
suicide bombings and terrorism carried out in the name of Islam. It
has been regarded as a significant and historic step, the first time
that such an explicit and unequivocal decree against the perpetrators
of terror has been broadcast so widely. The original fatwa written in
Urdu comprises 600 pages of research and references from the
Qur’an, hadith, the opinions of the Companions jS, and the widely
accepted classical texts of Islamic scholarship. This historic work has
been published in English, Arabic, Norwegian, French, Bahasa
Indonesia, Hindi and Sindhi, while translation Danish, Spanish,
Malayalam, Persian, Turkish and other major languages is also in
process. The Islamic Research Academy of Jamia al-Azhar Egypt
wrote a detailed description of the fatwa and verified its contents. It
gained worldwide media attention and acclaim as an indispensable

16. xi
tool in the intellectual and ideological struggle against violent
extremism.
Also Dr Qadri is the founder and head of Minhaj-ul-Quran
International (MQI), an organization with branches and centres in
more than ninety countries around the globe; he is the chairman of
the Board of Governors of Minhaj University Lahore, which is
chartered by the Government of Pakistan; he is the founder of
Minhaj Education Society, which has established more than 600
schools and colleges in Pakistan; and he is the chairman of Minhaj
Welfare Foundation, an organization involved in humanitarian and
social welfare activities globally.
Dr Qadri has spent his life, and especially the last decade, in an
indefatigable effort to counter religious extremism and promote
peace and harmony between communities. His painstaking research
into the Qur’an, hadith and classical Islamic authorities has resulted
in landmark works, some published, and others soon to be
published, demonstrating Islam as a religion that not only safeguards
human rights, but promotes peace, tolerance and socioeconomic
progress. He has travelled extensively to lecture at the invitation of
government and non-government agencies, and has organized and
took part in international conferences in order to promote peace. He
has arrayed spiritual and educational training programmes across
the Western world with a focus on addressing the roots of religious
extremism. He is recognised for his commitment to interfaith
dialogue, with over 12,000 people attending his Peace for Humanity
Conference in 2011, probably the largest interfaith gathering ever
held in the UK, and which announced the London Declaration, a
charter for world peace, signed online by a quarter of a million
people. He has been politically active in his native Pakistan,
organizing massive pro-democracy and anti-corruption
demonstrations. When not travelling, he is based in Canada, busy in

17. xii
his research activities and producing vital works of Islamic
scholarship relevant to Muslims in this day and age.

19. i
i
I
\
i
i
\

20. Volume I
An Overview
Preface 5
i.
Unique Features of the Qur'anic Encyclopaedia
12
Chapters
232.
29
Summarised Contents3-
59Detailed Contents4-
463
5-
3
Index of Qur’anic Topics

22. Preface

23. »
*
!

24. 7
After creating man, God Almighty sent Prophets and Messengers
and initiated the process of divine revelation for the upliftment of
mankind. Through the means of the Prophet Muhammad and the
revelation of the Qur’an, He brought man to the peak of excellence and
made the Qur’an a code of life for mankind until the Day of Judgement.
In every century, in light of the Qur’an’s teachings, He gave man his
share of guidance. This guidance provided a comprehensive set of
principles for man’s individual, social and collective affairs, and
illuminated his ethical, political and economic activities. In reality,
man’s spiritual ascent is based on his understanding of and adherence to
the teachings of the Qur’an, whereas his decline is in his aversion to it.
The universality and comprehensiveness of the Qur’an’s teachings have
had a profound impact on world history, such that even those who do
not believe in its divine origin acknowledge its contribution to humanity
and to the various academic sciences and disciplines.
The Qur’an was revealed in Arabic, a language known for its
eloquence where every word is pregnant with meaning. To understand
the Qur’an, knowing Arabic grammar is a prerequisite; however
knowing the causes of revelation (asbab al-nuziil}, the science of
abrogation (al-nasikb wa al-mansukh), the science of hadith, the reports
of the Companions (al-athar), the history and culture of the Arabs,
the biography of the Prophet and the classical Arabic usage is just as
important. Without proficiency in these sciences it is not possible to
appreciate the signification of words, the linguistic style or the intended
meaning of the Qur’an. As the Qur’an is not the word of any mere
mortal but the word of the Creator, its eloquence, inimitability and
linguistic style are matchless. Concerning its uniqueness and
incomparability, God says in the Qur’an:

25. Qur'anic Encyclopedia
8
jUJ-ejf 111* JLj IjjIj jl JO3
" >
5b oy>^
fSay: ‘Should all men and jinn join in the attempt to produce
(some other book) the like of this Qur'an, (even) then they will
not be able to produce the like thereof, though they may
become supporters to one another.’^ [al-Isra’ 18:88]
It is the miraculous nature of the Qur’an that deep contemplation
and reflection over its verses give rise to new meanings and insights.
This proves that the Qur’an holds in its midst such knowledge that
catersfor the needs of every period. Concerning this, God says:
Os eda djsj>
$And We have revealed to you that Glorious Book which is a
clear exposition of everything and is guidance, mercy and glad
tidings for the believers. [al-Nahl 16:89]
God has made the Qur’an a treasure-trove of divine guidance and
gnosis. The purpose of revealing this book is to bring man to the
Straight Path and to elevate him to the rank of the best of creation, for
which he was created. The path to this most exalted and supreme goal
can only be actualised through an in-depth study, deep reflection and
practical implementation of the Qur’an’s teachings. This is why it is
stated in the Qur’an:
^Do they not think over the Qur'an, or are their hearts
locked?^ [Muhammad 47:24]

26. Preface
9
The materialistic tendencies and worldly greed of our age have
robbed man of the passion and interest in contemplating the verses of
the Qur’an. Such is the change in the general attitude today that this last
book sent to man, which came to bring a radical change in his mode of
thinking and state of affairs, has been reduced to a ritual, recited for the
purpose of merely seeking reward and blessings. As a result, the
Muslims have become subject to the philosophies, ideologies and
customs of those whose worldviews are inconsistent with the Qur’anic
ideals.
Keeping this in mind, there is a dire need to motivate people in
general and the educated classes in particular to study the Qur’an. To
this end, there was a need to present the subject-matter and topics of the
Qur’an in a thematic and organised manner to enable those who are not
Qur’anic scholars to navigate their way through the Qur’an and gain
guidance. Moreover, non-Arabs, who may feel distanced from the
teachings of the Qur’an due to their unfamiliarity with Arabic, will have
within their reach such a resource that will provide ease of access to the
verses of the Qur’an.
There is no doubt that reciting the Qur’an rewards the reader and is
a source of blessings and inner peace. However, guidance and success in
this life and the hereafter can only be attained by deeply reflecting over
its verses and acting upon its teachings. There are hidden meanings and
secrets encoded in its every juz' (part), sura (chapter) and aya (verse). In
every era, God gives certain individuals the proficiency, faculty and
insight to delve deep into its shoreless ocean to pick out its pearls of
knowledge, guidance and wisdom in order to fulfil the demands and
challenges of the era.
Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr Muhammad Tahir-uI-Qadri today has risen up
to meet the demands and challenges of our age. Among the objectives
set out by his eminence on the road to Islam’s revival is the goal of
returning the Umma to the teachings of the Qur’an (al-RujiP ila al-

27. Qiir'anic Encyclopedia
xo
Qur'an). It is for this reason that he named his religious and educational
movement ‘Minhaj-ul-Quran’, which means ‘the way of the Qur’an’. In
order to make this movement live up to its name, Shaykh-ul-Islam has
attempted to restore the Umma's broken connection with the Qur’an by
presenting a refreshing and innovative style that combines the
traditional with the contemporary. In doing so, he has proven that the
Qur’an is a treasure-trove of knowledge, a source of guidance and the
key to uniting the Umma.
The 565 of his books that have been published (as of 2019) are a
living testimony of his mastery of the Qur’an and hadith and his ability
to derive knowledge from the primary scriptural sources. He is arguably
the most skilled and experienced scholar in our era who has explained
the primary scriptural sources through both traditional and
contemporary sciences and disciplines. His contribution in the field of
hadith consists of a study of five hundred thousand hadiths, in both
their chain of transmission and text, resulting in him compiling
hundreds of books of hadith, consisting of thousands of hadiths
categorised under headers that are relevant to the needs of the modern
era. These hadith collections also contain explanatory notes and
commentaries where required. Without doubt, these hadith books are a
great gift to the Umma as they have filled a centuries-old gap in this
field.
Where he has carried out his service in the field of hadith, Shaykh-ul-
Islam has also rendered a great scholarly service to the Qur’an.
Although he has authored many books in the field of Qur’anic sciences,
there was a need for the Qur'anic Encyclopedia, which functioned as a
key to opening the doors of Qur’anic knowledge.
By the grace of the Almighty, today he has handed this key to the
Umma, opening the door to direct access to the myriad of subjects
encompassed by the Qur’an—not only for scholars and academics but
also students and those educated in the secular sciences. The Qur'anic

28. Preface
ii
Encyclopaedia is such a comprehensive collection of Qur’anic topics that
it fulfils the contemporary need to return to the Qur’an in addition to
providing intellectual, ideological, moral, spiritual, political, economic
and social guidance for generations to come.

29. Qttr'anic Encyclopaedia
12
Unique Features of the
Qur'anic Encyclopedia
The value and benefit of any book can be judged by its subject-matter,
contents of the book and the author’s academic expertise and stature.
The author of the Qur'anic Encyclopaedia is an internationally
renowned personality, a scholar in both traditional and contemporary
sciences who is bridging the academic gap between the East and the
West. History is testament to the fact that such a personality only comes
to the Umma after centuries.
The books authored by Shaykh-ul-Islam cover all topics related to
human
life. In order to promote the true, moderate and peaceful
teachings of Islam he has travelled the world setting up centres to
impart knowledge as well providing moral and spiritual training in one
hundred countries. He has played a historic role in safeguarding the
younger generation from heresy, extremism and terrorism. His
individual achievements are recognised by government bodies and
institutions, the distinguishing feature of which is his political and social
effort for the revival of the spirit of peace and moderation in Islam.
This encyclopaedia is the cumulation of his fifty-year long effort in
studying the Qur’an and it comprises eight volumes consisting of around
five thousand subjects. The subjects have been worded according to
contemporary requirements and needs. From the encyclopaedia’s unique
features, one will find modern, scientific and philosophic subjects
addressed. It is impossible to encompass all the subjects and topics that
are discussed in the Qur’an. However, the Qur'anic Encyclopaedia, with
its approximately five thousand subjects, is exhaustive and
comprehensive in terms of contemporary needs and requirements. What

30. Preface
13
follows is a brief outline of the prominent features and subjects covered
in each volume.
Volume Two: Belief in God; Belief in Prophethood and
Belief in the Divinely Revealed Books
The second volume consists of subjects pertaining to the existence of
God, the concept of Divine Oneness (tawhid) and God’s being and
attributes. Arguments are given to prove the existence of God. Some
examples of these are: the origination of the universe ex-nihilo, the
purpose of creation, the orderliness of the solar system, the alternation
of the night and day, the evolution of the embryo in the womb, the
expanses of the heavens and the earth, the creation of the mountains
and oceans and the philosophy of life and death.
Volume One: Contents Page and Index of Qur’anic
Topics
The first volume consists of the contents page which alone consists of
about 400 pages. A quick glance over the contents pages gives a general
overview of the encyclopaedia. For the benefit of the reader, the thirty
chapter-headings have been listed separately to give the reader an
overview of the encyclopaedia’s structure. This is followed by a
summarised version of the contents page, which includes the
subheadings of each chapter. Hopefully, this will facilitate the reader to
navigate the contents of the encyclopaedia with ease.
In the first volume, there is also a comprehensive index of the topics
covered in the Qur'anic Encyclopaedia. The required topic can be
accessed by merely searching for the main entry in the alphabetical
arrangement. For example, if the topic ‘creation of the universe’ is
required then the entry ‘creation’ would be searched under the letter ‘C’.
In this way, it will facilitate the reader to find the desired topic with
ease.

31. Qur'anic Encyclopaedia
14
This volume also consists of verses pertaining to the greatness of
God's names, the reality of shirk (idolatry), the attitude and mentality of
the idolaters, one’s relationship with God, ones duty to worship, love
and trust in Him, having a good opinion of Him, having sincerity in
one’s beliefs, the importance of God’s remembrance and highlighting
the attacks against a person’s faith, among other important matters
pertaining to belief in God.
After discussing belief in God, other subjects pertaining to beliefs are
discussed, such as belief in Messengership, covering one’s belief in all
the Prophets, with an extensive focus on belief in the Messengership and
Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad The unique qualities of the
Prophet are covered in depth along with Qur’anic injunctions on
loving, following and respecting the Messenger Answers from the
Qur
’an are given to the objections of the idolaters and disbelievers
against the Prophet
In relation to belief in the divinely revealed books, the virtues and
unique qualities of the Torah, Psalms, Gospel and Qur’an are detailed in
light of the Qur’anic verses, along with evidence for the truthfulness and
veracity of the Qur’an and its divine safeguarding. God has declared the
Qur’an to be solemn advice, guidance and mercy for mankind. This
divine, universal and all-embracing message has been given special
prominence in this volume.
Volume Three: Belief in the Angels, the Divine Decree
and Life after Death; Different Types of Worship:
Marriage and Family Law; the Halal and Haram and
Rights and Responsibilities
The third volume continues with the subject of belief in the divinely
revealed books, such as the topics of respecting and revering the Qur’an,
the blessings attained in adhering to it and the supplications of the

32. Preface
15
Prophets After this, it then moves onto other areas of beliefs such as
belief in the angels, the divine decree and life after death.
Some of the verses concerning belief in the angels, include verses on
their existence, duties and the names of some prominent angels, such as
Angels Jibril, Mika’ll, Israfll, Harut and Marut, Kiraman Katibln and
the Angel of Death. The existence of the Jinn is also mentioned as well
as the reality of the Shaytan (Satan) and his enmity to the God-fearing
people. Hopefully, this will motivate the reader towards the practice of
pious deeds and abstaining from sin. There are verses pertaining to the
Divine Decree (Qadr). Concepts such as the predestination of good and
evil, and the concept of predestination held by the disbelievers and
idolaters are covered.
Following on from this, belief in life after death, resurrection, the
accountability and other related topics are also covered under dozens of
subject headings, such as the events of the Day of Judgement,
description of Paradise and its inhabitants, description of Hell and its
denizens. The general knowledge of the lay Muslims regarding the life
hereafter, the hardships and accountability of the Day of Judgement and
the subsequent punishment and reward, is attained through the stories
and accounts they hear from preachers. Through the Qur'anic
Encyclopaedia, people of all academic abilities will be able to gain direct
knowledge from the Qur’an about these realities.
After discussing belief in God, the different types of ritual worship
are discussed such as the ritual prayer, fasting, the alms-due, charity, the
Pilgrimage and the Visitation. Verses pertaining to their obligation and
importance have been given as well as those that warn people who fail
to practice them.
This volume also delves into family law, such as marriage and
divorce, the veil, the rights of men and women, the wife’s right to
separation (khulac), the rights of widows and the injunctions pertaining
to the waiting period (Jidda). In addition to family law, verses pertaining

33. Qufanic Encyclopedia
16
!
*to the halal and haram are also given highlighting the things that are
either permitted or prohibited in the Sharia.
The volume concludes with a chapter on the individual’s rights and
responsibilities. The rights of parents, women, relatives, orphans, the
poor
and needy, neighbours, guests, employees and prisoners have been
covered with reference to many Qur’anic verses, the study of which will
be beneficial for not only lay people but also for lawyers and people
involved in social work.
Volume Four: Knowledge; Science; Peace, Love and Non-
Violence; World Religions and Stories of the Prophets
The fourth volume begins with a chapter on the importance of seeking
knowledge and pursuing scientific discoveries. Scientific realities, such
as the chemical and biological evolution of the human body, the
creation of a baby in the womb and its stages of development, the
determination of gender in the womb, five senses, the wisdom behind
fingerprints and the scientific aspects of the creation of the universe are
mentioned. The scientific aspects of the creation of the heavens and the
earth and the sciences of psychology, astronomy, meteorology, botany,
biology and ecology among others are from the unique features of this
volume. These subjects are of importance to the ordinary reader as well
as scientists, engineers and medical doctors.
This volume also covers subjects pertaining to peace and love, social
reform, the sanctity of human life, condemnation of sectarianism, the
importance of and need for the unity of the Umma, good conduct with
non-Muslims and the protection of their lives, property and places of
worship. It also covers world religions and other important topics, such
as the stories of the Prophets and the accounts of past nations. The
relating of these stories and accounts provides admonition to the reader.
All regions and cities that are mentioned in the Qur’an are also covered
at the end of this volume.

34. Preface
17
Volume Five: The Prophet’s Family and Companions
Character; Politics; Economics; Human Nature; Jihad and
the Chronicles of the Prophet’s Battles
This fifth volume contains Qur’anic verses concerning the respect and
reverence for the Companions ^t, the family of the Holy Prophet $>, the
Saints (aivliya" Allah) and righteous. It also contains verses on the
importance and excellence of good character and the condemnation of
bad character, the study of which will facilitate Muslims in being good
human beings. In addition to this, other subjects that are covered in this
volume include: injunctions and rulings from the Qur’an concerning
anarchists, rebels and terrorists, the sanctity of human life and the
importance of interfaith harmony and human freedom.
In this volume, under the section of government and politics, the
following subjects are covered: Islamic system of governance,
responsibilities of the state and the system of justice. Under economic
and financial matters, the following areas are covered: principles of
trade and industry, prohibition and condemnation of usury, the
concept of taxes and other related subjects that are of interest to
economists.
In addition to the above, human nature, its states and temperament,
nations of the world and their circumstances, the different states and
conditions of the human heart, the impermanence of human life,
tourism and the principles and methodology of propagation are also
covered. Factors that lead to the rise and fall of nations, injunctions on
Jihad and self-defence, injunctions on peace and reconciliation, the
chronicles of the Prophet’s battles, their background, causes and
scenarios are also covered under assigned subject headings.

35. .4
Qur'anic Encyclopedia
18
Volumes Six to Eight: Comprehensive Index of Qur’anic
Words
The sixth, seventh and eighth volumes contain a comprehensive index of
Qur’anic words. This index will facilitate in accessing the shoreless
oceans of meaning in the Qur’an. Although there are other lexicons
available on the Qur’an, this current work is unique in that it is
designed for non-Arabic speakers. In other Qur’anic lexicons, the root
word must be known to access the lexicon, thus making it difficult at
times for those unfamiliar with Arabic morphology. Knowledge of
Arabic morphology is not required for the index of Qur’anic words in
the Qur'anic Encyclopedia, as the word can be accessed easily by
looking it up alphabetically. For instance, for the word
knowing its root word is not required but the word can be searched
alphabetically under the section ‘ya”.
Another useful feature of the index of Qur’anic words is that the
number of repetitions of any given word and the verses in which that
word is contained are also provided. Moreover, translations of every
word have also been given. However, instead of providing a detailed
explanation of the word’s meaning, only a basic translation has been
provided. For example, the word ’’anzalna' has the literal meaning of
‘we sent down’ or ‘we revealed’, but it could also come in the meaning
of ‘we created’ (Cf. 7:26). This specific conjugation has been mentioned
in forty Qur’anic verses, and all forty verses have been listed under the
entry of this word.
The last three volumes of the Qur'anic Encyclopedia, along with
being an extensive index of Qur’anic words, also serve the purpose of
bringing new subjects to light as every word has been indexed. For
example, if one requires verses containing words such as water, fire or
river, they will find all the verses with these words under their relevant
entry. In this way, thousands of other words and the verses in which
they are contained can be accessed easily thereby facilitating the reader.

36. Preface
19
use theThe following points provide the basic details of how to
index of Qur’anic words:
1. In this index, Qur’anic words have been arranged according to the
hija'i (i.e. alif-ba'r, alphabetical) order. For example, words that begin
with the letter ‘/zm’ will be arranged in order of jim-alif, jim-ba\ jim-ta'
and so on until it ends with jim-ya\ The reader does not need to know
the root word to find the specific entry that they are searching for.
Rather, whatever Qur’anic word the reader requires can be found by
looking up the entry alphabetically as it is written in that specific
conjugation. For example, if one is searching for the word ‘ycflamun’,
there is no need to search for its root word, ^alima-ya'lamu-, instead one
can find the entry by searching it alphabetically under the section ‘ya”.
2. One of the salient features of this index is that a word count has been
given for every word with all the relevant verses listed under that entry.
3. In translating the meanings of the Qur’anic words, instead of giving
extensive detail, a basic translation has been provided, sufficing on the
prevalent meaning of that word. Only where required, multiple
translations have been given.
4. A single Qur’anic word can have multiple meanings depending on the
context. Encompassing all those meanings is not viable. Therefore, only
one or two prominent meanings of the words were chosen. However, all
the verses in which that word is contained have been listed. For
example, the word "anzalna' has the literal meanings of ‘we sent down’
or ‘we revealed’, but it could also come in the meaning of ‘we created’
(Cf. 7:2.6). This specific conjugation has been mentioned in forty
Qur’anic verses, and all forty verses have been listed under the entry of
this word.
5. In many places, a basic linguistic translation has been given for the
meanings of the words. Due to technical reasons, Shaykh-ul-Islam’s
translation "The Glorious Qur'an' has been referred to though not

37. Qur'anic Encyclopaedia
zo
adhered to completely. However, the spirit of the translation has been
kept in mind.
6. The governing agents (‘awdmil) that precede the imperfect verb (ficl
nmdarP) have not been mentioned alongside their respective verbs.
However, the grammatical state (i‘rdb) that the verb takes has not been
changed as though the governing agent is still preceding it. For example,
the words 'lain yafali? will be listed in the index as iyaf alu'. It must be
noted that the negative polarity of the verb has not been given, rather
the positive polarity has been given in every place. For example, as
opposed to translating it in the negative (nafi) as ‘he did not do’, it has
been rendered in the positive (ithbat) as ‘he does/he will do’.
7. The imperfect verb (fid mudarf) contains two verb tenses, namely the
present (hal) and the future (mustaqbal). However, in the current work,
only the present tense has been translated in most instances, with both
present and future tenses being given in some cases. The context of the
verb will not be taken into account; only the linguistic meaning of the
word is considered. Thus, the reader must take care in understanding
the contextual usage of the word in addition to its linguistic meaning.
8. In some places, grammatical particles (huruf} are attached before
certain nouns (asma') and verbs (afal). These particles have not been
translated when they precede a noun, but in a number of verbs, where
required, their translation is given. For example, for the word ‘bi-
aba'ina’, instead of translating it as ‘with our forefathers’, it was simply
translated as ‘our forefathers’. The word ‘la'at’ has been translated as
forthcoming’ as opposed to ‘certainly forthcoming’. The word
fa'atahum’ has been translated as ‘he gave them’ as opposed to ‘thus he
gave them. Whereas the word ‘li-yuzhirahu’ has been translated as ‘in
order to make him dominant/prevail’ where the translation of the a
particle 7f has been taken into consideration.
9- The pronouns that have been attached to nouns and verbs have been
translated assiduously. For example, the noun ‘abd'ana’ has been

38. Preface
21
translated as ‘our forefathers’ and ‘aba'akum’ has been translated as
‘your forefathers’. Likewise, the verb ‘yustbana’ has been translated as
‘he afflicts us’ and ‘yuslbahum, has been translated as ‘he afflicts them.’
10. The names and titles of the venerated personalities that are
mentioned in the Qur’an have been translated courteously in the ‘The
Glorious Qur'ari translation. However, in preparation of this index,
special attention was not paid in this regard, rather the conventional
style adopted by other dictionaries and indices was adopted.
11. When the nouns and verbs are not composed in a sentence, it is
generally written in the nominative case (marfif) and read with a sukun
on its final letter. However, in the index of Qur’anic words, this rule is
not adopted. Rather, the nouns and verbs have been listed in the index
as they appear in the Qur’an. For this reason, one will notice that some
words end with a datnma, fatha, kasra or sukun. Essentially, whatever
the grammatical state the word is in, the index will list it as it is without
any changes to its case-ending. The purpose is to list the word with its
meaning, and not its grammatical state, so that the reader may gain easy
access to the Qur’an.
iz. If a word comes in different grammatical states, then each
grammatical state will be listed separately, even if its linguistic meaning
does not change, so that a word with different grammatical states can
be found together in one place. For example, the word ‘qalil-uri which
is in the nominative case (raf) has been listed separately from ‘qalil-an’
which is in the accusative (nasb). Likewise, the words ‘qawl-uri' and
‘qawl-an'’ will be listed as two separate entries, though in the same place
within the index.
Finally, it is important to note that the Qur’anic script used in this
encyclopaedia is in the ‘Mushaf al-Madma al-Nabawiyya’ script, which
is
popular in Arab countries, and not in the Majidi script, which is
popular in the Indian Subcontinent and some other parts of the Muslim

39. w
Qur'anic Encyclopedia
I
I
22
}
I
r
Muhammad Farooq Rana
Director, Farid-e-Millat Research Institute (FMRi)
i6lh of Shaivival 1440 AH/zoth of June 2019 ce
world. Thus, the symbols for pausing will be according to the former
script and not the latter.
We pray to the Almighty that He not only makes this Qur'anic
Encyclopedia a source of guidance for the Umma and mankind but also
a great means of attaining His pleasure, the pleasure of His Holy
Messenger and success in the Hereafter. Amin.
I
I
!
i
I
I

40. Chapters

42. 2/1
Belief in God
i.
JlxJ amL dL^>l
Belief in Messengership
z.
2/7913-
3/169
Belief in the Angels4-
jL^I
• •• p
3/229
Belief in the Divine Decree5-
3/2636. Belief in the Life Hereafter
3/4857-
3/5278.
3/5379-
slSjJl >
2-5
Lg^olSG-lj ji
The Obligation and Rulings of Fasting
Lg»LSL>-lj j./? 11 ji
The Obligation and Rulings of Zakah (the
Alms-Due)
jaaHj
SJL-JLoL^l
Belief in the Divinely Revealed Books
uLoj^I
• • ** f'
0dL^>l
The Obligation and Rulings of the Ritual
Prayer

43. Qur'anic Encyclopaedia
3/59110.
0
3/609II.
l£Jl
3/667IX.
t
3/685I3-
3/69914.
3/72-515-
I
16. 4/1
i9j p-LJl
x7- 4/49Scientific Realities
I
18.
4/297
19-
4/359
pjui jU
26
I
i
The Excellence of Hajj (Pilgrimage) and ‘Umra
(Visitation)
y>Jlj
Rights and Responsibilities
i
I
I
I
♦
CjI>-1^1 l_j
Knowledge and Its Excellence
Marriage and Family Law
Divorce and Khula (Release from the Marriage
Contract)
The Laws of Inheritance and Bequest
CjIjJl
The Laws of the Lawful (Halal) and Unlawful
(Haram)
(JjlagxJl
Peace, Love, Non-Violence and Anti-Terrorism
World Religions

44. Chapters
4/445
20.
4/819Places and Lands
21.
5/15
22.
5/692-3-
5/161
Bad Character
24.
^wvjl (J'A>-'J|
5/2-39Social Etiquettes
25.
bl
5/2-8326.
5/33927.
5/45928.
5/65729.
27
3-)Ulj jSb\l
The Prophet’s Companions, Family, the Friends
of God and the Righteous
t&t. <jL/aJIj s-Uj'illj 4jIa .z?|l
Good Character
0 ^La-qJI
System of Governance and Politics
ivuL^JlJ 4_aj2x>Jl ^Gaj
Economic and Financial Rulings
<JUI fl£^Sl
Humans, Human Nature and World Nations
and their Conditions
LgJl^>-lj ^1 0^JajJlj l)LaJ\I
The Rulings of Jihad and Self-Defence
IAxJIj ^Lgj>Jl ^.bG-l
Stories of the Prophets and the Past Nations

45. Qur'anic Encyclopedia
5/74730-
i
28
The Chronicles of the Prophet’s Battles, their
Purpose and Circumstances

46. Summarised Contents

47. ■
■
1
i
\
f
I
I

48. 2.11
Belief in God
2/1I.
2/69Believing in God
2.
^1X5 4Ul>
God’s Majestic Attributes3-
2/289
4-
2/309
5-
2/3146.
7-
2/3468. Fearing God Almighty
31
Chapter 1
Arguments for the Existence of God
^1x5 40I
41)1 olios’
God-Consciousness, Piety and Obedience to
God
41) 4ptlaJl_j j ji\j
Purification of the Soul and Spiritual
Reformation
The Types of Souls and their Condition
LgJIj^»-lj
Repentance and Seeking Forgiveness

49. Qur'anic Encyclopaedia
2/370
9-
z/^9710.
l)L>
2/410
Relying upon God
11.
2/42212.
2/44213- The Remembrance of God
4)1
2/47514.
Idolatry
i5- 2/531Apostasy
16.
2-/534
32-
Al > JSyJI
Good Opinion of God, Good Intentions,
Sincerity and Steadfastness
A_d_P 1J
f JL*j a2_»L>-j 4)1 asL>c»
Allah’s Discourse with the Prophets
4)1
Love of God, Worshipping Him, Relying upon
Him and Seeking His Help
iaJLp , JS4)1
Aj AjUct^J 'y IJ
Hypocrisy and the Hypocrites

50. Summarised Contents
Belief in Messengership
i.
2/6002.
2/6353-
2/6684-
2/679
5-
2/6846.
2/712
7-
33
The Obligation of Believing in and Recognising
the Prophecy and Messengership of Prophet
Muhammad
The Prophet’s Unique Qualities and Perfection
<jL»
The Necessity of Loving and Venerating the
Prophet
Defending the Prophet’s Honour
(Ir^ ^Ls-dl
Qur’anic Arguments Removing the Doubts of
the Idolaters and Sceptics Concerning the
Person of the Holy Prophet Muhammad
J\^2JI olS
Refuting the Objections of the Idolaters and the
Chapter 2
Special Rulings Concerning the Prophet’s
Veneration

51. Qitr'anic Encyclopedia
Z/73S8.
2/7489-
z/76410.
2/77411.
2/777
12.
Chapter 3 2/791
Belief in the Divinely Revealed Books
34
The Augustness of the Prophet’s Remembrance
Prophet Muhammad The Excellent
Exemplar
People of Book Concerning the Status of the
Prophet
jUL J-*l 1 ^r'-^’l
Seeking the Intercession and Intermediation of
the Prophet and the Saints of His Nation
and Beseeching them for Help
AZol
4jjl (J 0
Changing the Direction of the Qibla
aJlaJI (Jjl)Lj
The Conspiracy of the Jews of Madinah, the
Hypocrites and the Quraysh of Makkah, and
their Instigations
olj»l^®

52. Summarised Contents
2/8081.
2.
3/113-
3/254-
3/60
5-
3/776.
3/837-
3/848.
3/87
9-
35
The Virtues of the Qur’an and its Special
Qualities
I ♦
cjIjaJI
The Etiquettes of Reciting the Qur’an
(jljJjJI o_j*A5
The Qur’an’s Impact and its Blessings
dl
Repudiating the Rejectors’ Conspiracies
concerning the Holy Qur’an
The Affirmation of Former Divinely Revealed
Scriptures
4j2jI 4jI 11 1 *,<a)
Qur’anic Invocations and Supplications
The Supplication of Prophet Adam (Adam)
The Supplications of Prophet Nuh (Noah)
The Supplications of Prophet Ibrahim
(Abraham)

53. Qnr'anic Encyclopedia
^9*10.
3/9211.
3/9312.
2-/9413-
3/9814.
3/99I5-
16. 3/100
3/10117-
18.
3/102
19- 3/105
36
The Supplications of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad
The Preferred Supplications of the Pious
LjS’j plt-i
The Supplication of Prophet Tsa (Jesus) %£
(jl—pLfO
The Supplication of Prophet Yunus (Jonah)
The Supplication of Prophet Zakariyya
(Zechariah)
I
!
I
I
i
i
i
1
The Supplication of Prophet Lut (Lot)
The Supplication of Prophet Yusuf (Joseph)
The Supplication of Prophet Ayyub (Job)
The Supplications of Prophet Musa (Moses)
The Supplication of Prophet Sulayman
(Solomon)

54. Summarised Contents
Believers
3/11620.
3/12921.
3/14522.
<51 ^Jl Jl^Ml
3/169Chapter 4
Belief in the Angels
The Jinn and Satan
1.
3/2202.
Misgivings3-
CjLo-A ^jxll
3/229Chapter 5
Belief in the Divine Decree
37
Black Magic, Bad Omens and Fortune-Telling
J J lid I j
.,/? fl <> 11 A^PoMl
Qur’anic Oaths
L (j l_ou \ 1
oTjiJl ^L-i!
Qur’anic Oaths to Manifest the Greatness of
Prophet Muhammad
^flla^-oJl AxJaP jlgjs>M ijTjill Ml
Qur’anic Parables

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56. The army still remained where the news of success had first found
us, viz., Lovejoy's; but, after due refection, I resolved not to attempt
at that time a further pursuit of Hood's army, but slowly and
deliberately to move back, occupy Atlanta, enjoy a short period of
rest, and to think well over the next step required in the progress of
events. Orders for this movement were made on the 5th September,
and three days were given for each army to reach the place
assigned it, viz.: the Army of the Cumberland in and about Atlanta;
the Army of the Tennessee at East Point; and the Army of the Ohio
at Decatur.
Personally I rode back to Jonesboro on the 6th, and there
inspected the rebel hospital, full of wounded officers and men left by
Hardee in his retreat. The next night we stopped at Rough and
Ready, and on the 8th of September we rode into Atlanta, then
occupied by the Twentieth Corps (General Slocum). In the Court-
House Square was encamped a brigade, embracing the
Massachusetts Second and Thirty-third Regiments, which had two of
the finest bands of the army, and their music was to us all a source
of infinite pleasure during our sojourn in that city. I took up my
headquarters in the house of Judge Lyons, which stood opposite one
corner of the Court-House Square, and at once set about a measure
already ordered, of which I had thought much and long, viz., to
remove the entire civil population, and to deny to all civilians from
the rear the expected profits of civil trade. Hundreds of sutlers and
traders were waiting at Nashville and Chattanooga, greedy to reach
Atlanta with their wares and goods, with, which to drive a profitable
trade with the inhabitants. I gave positive orders that none of these
traders, except three (one for each separate army), should be
permitted to come nearer than Chattanooga; and, moreover, I
peremptorily required that all the citizens and families resident in
Atlanta should go away, giving to each the option to go south or
north, as their interests or feelings dictated. I was resolved to make
Atlanta a pure military garrison or depot, with no civil population to
influence military measures. I had seen Memphis, Vicksburg,
Natchez, and New Orleans, all captured from the enemy, and each at

57. once was garrisoned by a full division of troops, if not more; so that
success was actually crippling our armies in the field by detachments
to guard and protect the interests of a hostile population.
I gave notice of this purpose, as early as the 4th of September, to
General Halleck, in a letter concluding with these words:
If the people raise a howl against my barbarity and cruelty, I will
answer that war is war, and not popularity-seeking. If they want
peace, they and their relatives most stop the war.
I knew, of course, that such a measure would be strongly
criticised, but made up my mind to do it with the absolute certainty
of its justness, and that time would sanction its wisdom. I knew that
the people of the South would read in this measure two important
conclusions: one, that we were in earnest; and the other, if they
were sincere in their common and popular clamor "to die in the last
ditch," that the opportunity would soon come.
Soon after our reaching Atlanta, General Hood had sent in by a
flag of truce a proposition, offering a general exchange of prisoners,
saying that he was authorized to make such an exchange by the
Richmond authorities, out of the vast number of our men then held
captive at Andersonville, the same whom General Stoneman had
hoped to rescue at the time of his raid. Some of these prisoners had
already escaped and got in, had described the pitiable condition of
the remainder, and, although I felt a sympathy for their hardships
and sufferings as deeply as any man could, yet as nearly all the
prisoners who had been captured by us during the campaign had
been sent, as fast as taken, to the usual depots North, they were
then beyond my control. There were still about two thousand,
mostly captured at Jonesboro, who had been sent back by cars, but
had not passed Chattanooga. These I ordered back, and offered
General Hood to exchange them for Stoneman, Buell, and such of
my own army as would make up the equivalent; but I would not
exchange for his prisoners generally, because I knew these would
have to be sent to their own regiments, away from my army,
whereas all we could give him could at once be put to duty in his
immediate army. Quite an angry correspondence grew up between

58. us, which was published at the time in the newspapers, but it is not
to be found in any book of which I have present knowledge, and
therefore is given here, as illustrative of the events referred to, and
of the feelings of the actors in the game of war at that particular
crisis, together with certain other original letters of Generals Grant
and Halleck, never hitherto published.
HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES
CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, September 12, 1864
Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military
Division of the Mississippi
GENERAL: I send Lieutenant-Colonel Horace Porter, of
my staff, with this. Colonel Porter will explain to you
the exact condition of affairs here, better than I can do
in the limits of a letter. Although I feel myself strong
enough now for offensive operations, I am holding on
quietly, to get advantage of recruits and convalescents,
who are coming forward very rapidly. My lines are
necessarily very long, extending from Deep Bottom,
north of the James, across the peninsula formed by
the Appomattox and the James, and south of the
Appomattox to the Weldon road. This line is very
strongly fortified, and can be held with comparatively
few men; but, from its great length, necessarily takes
many in the aggregate. I propose, when I do move, to
extend my left so as to control what is known as the
Southside, or Lynchburg & Petersburg road; then, if
possible, to keep the Danville road out. At the same
time this move is made, I want to send a force of from
six to ten thousand men against Wilmington. The way
I propose to do this is to land the men north of Fort

59. Fisher, and hold that point. At the same time a large
naval fleet will be assembled there, and the iron-clads
will run the batteries as they did at Mobile. This will
give us the same control of the harbor of Wilmington
that we now have of the harbor of Mobile. What you
are to do with the forces at your command, I do not
exactly see. The difficulties of supplying your army,
except when they are constantly moving beyond where
you are, I plainly see. If it had not been for Price's
movement, Canby could have sent twelve thousand
more men to Mobile. From your command on the
Mississippi, an equal number could have been taken.
With these forces, my idea would have been to divide
them, sending one-half to Mobile, and the other half to
Savannah. You could then move as proposed in your
telegram, so as to threaten Macon and Augusta
equally. Whichever one should be abandoned by the
enemy, you could take and open up a new base of
supplies. My object now in sending a staff-officer to
you is not so much to suggest operations for you as to
get your views, and to have plans matured by the time
every thing can be got ready. It would probably be the
5th of October before any of the plans here indicated
will be executed. If you have any promotions to
recommend, send the names forward, and I will
approve them.
In conclusion, it is hardly necessary for me to say that
I feel you have accomplished the most gigantic
undertaking given to any general in this war, and with
a skill and ability that will be acknowledged in history
as unsurpassed, if not unequaled. It gives me as much
pleasure to record this in your favor as it world in favor
of any living man, myself included. Truly yours,
U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.

60. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE
MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA,
September 20, 1864.
Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, Commander-in-Chief,
City Point, Virgina.
GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge, at the
hands of Lieutenant Colonel Porter, of your staff, your
letter of September 12th, and accept with thanks the
honorable and kindly mention of the services of this
army in the great cause in which we are all engaged.
I send by Colonel Porter all official reports which are
completed, and will in a few days submit a list of
names which are deemed worthy of promotion.
I think we owe it to the President to save him the
invidious task of selection among the vast number of
worthy applicants, and have ordered my army
commanders to prepare their lists with great care, and
to express their preferences, based upon claims of
actual capacity and services rendered.
These I will consolidate, and submit in such a form
that, if mistakes are made, they will at least be
sanctioned by the best contemporaneous evidence of
merit, for I know that vacancies do not exist equal in
number to that of the officers who really deserve
promotion.
As to the future, I am pleased to know that your army
is being steadily reinforced by a good class of men,

61. and I hope it will go on until you have a force that is
numerically double that of your antagonist, so that
with one part you can watch him, and with the other
push out boldly from your left flank, occupy the
Southside Railroad, compel him to attack you in
position, or accept battle on your own terms.
We ought to ask our country for the largest possible
armies that can be raised, as so important a thing as
the self-existence of a great nation should not be left
to the fickle chances of war.
Now that Mobile is shut out to the commerce of our
enemy, it calls for no further effort on our part, unless
the capture of the city can be followed by the
occupation of the Alabama River and the railroad to
Columbus, Georgia, when that place would be a
magnificent auxiliary to my further progress into
Georgia; but, until General Canby is much reinforced,
and until he can more thoroughly subdue the scattered
armies west of the Mississippi, I suppose that much
cannot be attempted by him against the Alabama River
and Columbus, Georgia.
The utter destruction of Wilmington, North Carolina, is
of importance only in connection with the necessity of
cutting off all foreign trade to our enemy, and if
Admiral Farragut can get across the bar, and move
quickly, I suppose he will succeed. From my knowledge
of the mouth of Cape Fear River, I anticipate more
difficulty in getting the heavy ships across the bar than
in reaching the town of Wilmington; but, of course, the
soundings of the channel are well known at
Washington, as well as the draught of his iron-clads,
so that it must be demonstrated to be feasible, or else
it would not be attempted. If successful, I suppose

62. that Fort Caswell will be occupied, and the fleet at
once sent to the Savannah River. Then the reduction of
that city is the next question. It once in our
possession, and the river open to us, I would not
hesitate to cross the State of Georgia with sixty
thousand men, hauling some stores, and depending on
the country for the balance. Where a million of people
find subsistence, my army won't starve; but, as you
know, in a country like Georgia, with few roads and
innumerable streams, an inferior force can so delay an
army and harass it, that it would not be a formidable
object; but if the enemy knew that we had our boats
in the Savannah River I could rapidly move to
Milledgeville, where there is abundance of corn and
meat, and could so threaten Macon and Augusta that
the enemy world doubtless give up Macon for Augusta;
then I would move so as to interpose between Augusta
and Savannah, and force him to give us Augusta, with
the only powder-mills and factories remaining in the
South, or let us have the use of the Savannah River.
Either horn of the dilemma will be worth a battle. I
would prefer his holding Augusta (as the probabilities
are); for then, with the Savannah River in our
possession, the taking of Augusta would be a mere
matter of time. This campaign can be made in the
winter.
But the more I study the game, the more am I
convinced that it would be wrong for us to penetrate
farther into Georgia without an objective beyond. It
would not be productive of much good. I can start east
and make a circuit south and back, doing vast damage
to the State, but resulting in no permanent good; and
by mere threatening to do so, I hold a rod over the
Georgians, who are not over-loyal to the South. I will
therefore give it as my opinion that your army and

63. Canby's should be reinforced to the maximum; that,
after you get Wilmington, you should strike for
Savannah and its river; that General Canby should hold
the Mississippi River, and send a force to take
Columbus, Georgia, either by way of the Alabama or
Appalachicola River; that I should keep Hood employed
and put my army in fine order for a march on Augusta,
Columbia, and Charleston; and start as soon as
Wilmington is sealed to commerce, and the city of
Savannah is in our possession.
I think it will be found that the movements of Price
and Shelby, west of the Mississippi, are mere
diversions. They cannot hope to enter Missouri except
as raiders; and the truth is, that General Rosecrans
should be ashamed to take my troops for such a
purpose. If you will secure Wilmington and the city of
Savannah from your centre, and let General Canby
leave command over the Mississippi River and country
west of it, I will send a force to the Alabama and
Appalachicola, provided you give me one hundred
thousand of the drafted men to fill up my old
regiments; and if you will fix a day to be in Savannah,
I will insure our possession of Macon and a point on
the river below Augusta. The possession of the
Savannah River is more than fatal to the possibility of
Southern independence. They may stand the fall of
Richmond, but not of all Georgia.
I will have a long talk with Colonel Porter, and tell him
every thing that may occur to me of interest to you.
In the mean time, know that I admire your dogged
perseverance and pluck more than ever. If you can
whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic, I think Uncle
Abe will give us a twenty days' leave of absence to see

64. the young folks.
Yours as ever,
W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.
HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY,
WASHINGTON, September 16, 1864.
General W. T. SHERMAN, Atlanta, Georgia.
My DEAR GENERAL: Your very interesting letter of the
4th is just received. Its perusal has given me the
greatest pleasure. I have not written before to
congratulate you on the capture of Atlanta, the
objective point of your brilliant campaign, for the
reason that I have been suffering from my annual
attack of "coryza," or hay-cold. It affects my eyes so
much that I can scarcely see to write. As you suppose,
I have watched your movements most attentively and
critically, and I do not hesitate to say that your
campaign has been the most brilliant of the war. Its
results are less striking and less complete than those
of General Grant at Vicksburg, but then you have had
greater difficulties to encounter, a longer line of
communications to keep up, and a longer and more
continuous strain upon yourself and upon your army.
You must have been very considerably annoyed by the
State negro recruiting-agents. Your letter was a capital
one, and did much good. The law was a ridiculous
one; it was opposed by the War Department, but
passed through the influence of Eastern
manufacturers, who hoped to escape the draft in that

65. way. They were making immense fortunes out of the
war, and could well afford to purchase negro recruits,
and thus save their employees at home.
I fully agree with you in regard to the policy of a
stringent draft; but, unfortunately, political influences
are against us, and I fear it will not amount to much.
Mr. Seward's speech at Auburn, again prophesying, for
the twentieth time, that the rebellion would be crushed
in a few months, and saying that there would be no
draft, as we now had enough soldiers to end the war,
etc., has done much harm, in a military point of view. I
have seen enough of politics here to last me for life.
You are right in avoiding them. McClellan may possibly
reach the White House, but he will lose the respect of
all honest, high-minded patriots, by his affiliation with
such traitors and Copperheads as B—-, V—-, W—-, S
—-, & Co. He would not stand upon the traitorous
Chicago platform, but he had not the manliness to
oppose it. A major-general in the United States Army,
and yet not one word to utter against rebels or the
rebellion! I had much respect for McClellan before he
became a politician, but very little after reading his
letter accepting the nomination.
Hooker certainly made a mistake in leaving before the
capture of Atlanta. I understand that, when here, he
said that you would fail; your army was discouraged
and dissatisfied, etc., etc. He is most unmeasured in
his abuse of me. I inclose you a specimen of what he
publishes in Northern papers, wherever he goes. They
are dictated by himself and written by W. B. and such
worthies. The funny part of the business is, that I had
nothing whatever to do with his being relieved on
either occasion. Moreover, I have never said any thing
to the President or Secretary of War to injure him in

66. the slightest degree, and he knows that perfectly well.
His animosity arises from another source. He is aware
that I know some things about his character and
conduct in California, and, fearing that I may use that
information against him, he seeks to ward off its effect
by making it appear that I am his personal enemy, am
jealous of him, etc. I know of no other reason for his
hostility to me. He is welcome to abuse me as much as
he pleases; I don't think it will do him much good, or
me much harm. I know very little of General Howard,
but believe him to be a true, honorable man. Thomas
is also a noble old war-horse. It is true, as you say,
that he is slow, but he is always sure.
I have not seen General Grant since the fall of Atlanta,
and do not know what instructions he has sent you. I
fear that Canby has not the means to do much by way
of Mobile. The military effects of Banks's disaster are
now showing themselves by the threatened operations
of Price & Co. toward Missouri, thus keeping in check
our armies west of the Mississippi.
With many thanks for your kind letter, and wishes for
your future success, yours truly,
H. W. HALLECK.
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE
MISSISSIPPI ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 20,
1864.
Major General HALLECK, Chief of Staff, Washington
D.C.

67. GENERAL: I have the honor herewith to submit copies
of a correspondence between General Hood, of the
Confederate Army, the Mayor of Atlanta, and myself,
touching the removal of the inhabitants of Atlanta.
In explanation of the tone which marks some of these
letters, I will only call your attention to the fact that,
after I had announced my determination, General
Hood took upon himself to question my motives. I
could not tamely submit to such impertinence; and I
have also seen that, in violation of all official usage, he
has published in the Macon newspapers such parts of
the correspondence as suited his purpose. This could
have had no other object than to create a feeling on
the part of the people; but if he expects to resort to
such artifices, I think I can meet him there too.
It is sufficient for my Government to know that the
removal of the inhabitants has been made with
liberality and fairness, that it has been attended with
no force, and that no women or children have
suffered, unless for want of provisions by their natural
protectors and friends.
My real reasons for this step were:
We want all the houses of Atlanta for military storage
and occupation.
We want to contract the lines of defense, so as to
diminish the garrison to the limit necessary to defend
its narrow and vital parts, instead of embracing, as the
lines now do, the vast suburbs. This contraction of the
lines, with the necessary citadels and redoubts, will
make it necessary to destroy the very houses used by
families as residences.

68. Atlanta is a fortified town, was stubbornly defended,
and fairly captured. As captors, we have a right to it.
The residence here of a poor population would compel
us, sooner or later, to feed them or to see them starve
under our eyes.
The residence here of the families of our enemies
would be a temptation and a means to keep up a
correspondence dangerous and hurtful to our cause; a
civil population calls for provost-guards, and absorbs
the attention of officers in listening to everlasting
complaints and special grievances that are not military.
These are my reasons; and, if satisfactory to the
Government of the United States, it makes no
difference whether it pleases General Hood and his
people or not. I am, with respect, your obedient
servant,
W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE
MISSISSIPPI
IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, September 7,
1864.
General HOOD, commanding Confederate Army.
GENERAL: I have deemed it to the interest of the
United States that the citizens now residing in Atlanta
should remove, those who prefer it to go south, and
the rest north. For the latter I can provide food and

69. transportation to points of their election in Tennessee,
Kentucky, or farther north. For the former I can
provide transportation by cars as far as Rough and
Ready, and also wagons; but, that their removal may
be made with as little discomfort as possible, it will be
necessary for you to help the families from Rough and
Ready to the care at Lovejoy's. If you consent, I will
undertake to remove all the families in Atlanta who
prefer to go south to Rough and Ready, with all their
movable effects, viz., clothing, trunks, reasonable
furniture, bedding, etc., with their servants, white and
black, with the proviso that no force shall be used
toward the blacks, one way or the other. If they want
to go with their masters or mistresses, they may do
so; otherwise they will be sent away, unless they be
men, when they may be employed by our
quartermaster. Atlanta is no place for families or non-
combatants, and I have no desire to send them north
if you will assist in conveying them south. If this
proposition meets your views, I will consent to a truce
in the neighborhood of Rough and Ready, stipulating
that any wagons, horses, animals, or persons sent
there for the purposes herein stated, shall in no
manner be harmed or molested; you in your turn
agreeing that any care, wagons, or carriages, persons
or animals sent to the same point, shall not be
interfered with. Each of us might send a guard of, say,
one hundred men, to maintain order, and limit the
truce to, say, two days after a certain time appointed.
I have authorized the mayor to choose two citizens to
convey to you this letter, with such documents as the
mayor may forward in explanation, and shall await
your reply. I have the honor to be your obedient
servant.

70. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.
Major General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding United
States Forces in Georgia
GENERAL: Your letter of yesterday's date, borne by
James M. Ball and James R. Crew, citizens of Atlanta,
is received. You say therein, "I deem it to be to the
interest of the United States that the citizens now
residing in Atlanta should remove," etc. I do not
consider that I have any alternative in this matter. I
therefore accept your proposition to declare a truce of
two days, or such time as may be necessary to
accomplish the purpose mentioned, and shall render
all assistance in my power to expedite the
transportation of citizens in this direction. I suggest
that a staff-officer be appointed by you to superintend
the removal from the city to Rough and Ready, while I
appoint a like officer to control their removal farther
south; that a guard of one hundred men be sent by
either party as you propose, to maintain order at that
place, and that the removal begin on Monday next.
And now, sir, permit me to say that the unprecedented
measure you propose transcends, in studied and
ingenious cruelty, all acts ever before brought to my
attention in the dark history of war.
In the name of God and humanity, I protest, believing
that you will find that you are expelling from their
homes and firesides the wives and children of a brave
people. I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,

71. J. B. HOOD, General.
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE
MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, ATLANTA, GEORGIA,
September 10, 1864.
General J. B. HOOD, commanding Army of Tennessee,
Confederate Army.
GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of this date, at the hands of
Messrs. Ball and Crew, consenting to the arrangements
I had proposed to facilitate the removal south of the
people of Atlanta, who prefer to go in that direction. I
inclose you a copy of my orders, which will, I am
satisfied, accomplish my purpose perfectly.
You style the measures proposed "unprecedented,"
and appeal to the dark history of war for a parallel, as
an act of "studied and ingenious cruelty." It is not
unprecedented; for General Johnston himself very
wisely and properly removed the families all the way
from Dalton down, and I see no reason why Atlanta
should be excepted. Nor is it necessary to appeal to
the dark history of war, when recent and modern
examples are so handy. You yourself burned dwelling-
houses along your parapet, and I have seen to-day
fifty houses that you have rendered uninhabitable
because they stood in the way of your forts and men.
You defended Atlanta on a line so close to town that
every cannon-shot and many musket-shots from our
line of investment, that overshot their mark, went into
the habitations of women and children. General
Hardee did the same at Jonesboro, and General

72. Johnston did the same, last summer, at Jackson,
Mississippi. I have not accused you of heartless cruelty,
but merely instance these cases of very recent
occurrence, and could go on and enumerate hundreds
of others, and challenge any fair man to judge which
of us has the heart of pity for the families of a "brave
people."
I say that it is kindness to these families of Atlanta to
remove them now, at once, from scenes that women
and children should not be exposed to, and the "brave
people" should scorn to commit their wives and
children to the rude barbarians who thus, as you say,
violate the laws of war, as illustrated in the pages of its
dark history.
In the name of common-sense, I ask you not to appeal
to a just God in such a sacrilegious manner. You who,
in the midst of peace and prosperity, have plunged a
nation into war—dark and cruel war—who dared and
badgered us to battle, insulted our flag, seized our
arsenals and forts that were left in the honorable
custody of peaceful ordnance-sergeants, seized and
made "prisoners of war" the very garrisons sent to
protect your people against negroes and Indians, long
before any overt act was committed by the (to you)
hated Lincoln Government; tried to force Kentucky and
Missouri into rebellion, spite of themselves; falsified
the vote of Louisiana; turned loose your privateers to
plunder unarmed ships; expelled Union families by the
thousands, burned their houses, and declared, by an
act of your Congress, the confiscation of all debts due
Northern men for goods had and received! Talk thus to
the marines, but not to me, who have seen these
things, and who will this day make as much sacrifice
for the peace and honor of the South as the best-born

73. Southerner among you! If we must be enemies, let us
be men, and fight it out as we propose to do, and not
deal in arch hypocritical appeals to God and humanity.
God will judge us in due time, and he will pronounce
whether it be more humane to fight with a town full of
women and the families of a brave people at our back
or to remove them in time to places of safety among
their own friends and people. I am, very respectfully,
your obedient servant,
W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General commanding.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE
September 12, 1864
Major-General W. T, SHERMAN, commanding Military
Division of the Mississippi.
GENERAL: I have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of the 9th inst., with its inclosure
in reference to the women, children, and others, whom
you have thought proper to expel from their homes in
the city of Atlanta. Had you seen proper to let the
matter rest there, I would gladly have allowed your
letter to close this correspondence, and, without your
expressing it in words, would have been willing to
believe that, while "the interests of the United States,"
in your opinion, compelled you to an act of barbarous
cruelty, you regretted the necessity, and we would
have dropped the subject; but you have chosen to
indulge in statements which I feel compelled to notice,
at least so far as to signify my dissent, and not allow
silence in regard to them to be construed as
acquiescence.

74. I see nothing in your communication which induces me
to modify the language of condemnation with which I
characterized your order. It but strengthens me in the
opinion that it stands "preeminent in the dark history
of war for studied and ingenious cruelty." Your original
order was stripped of all pretenses; you announced the
edict for the sole reason that it was "to the interest of
the United States." This alone you offered to us and
the civilized world as an all-sufficient reason for
disregarding the laws of God and man. You say that
"General Johnston himself very wisely and properly
removed the families all the way from Dalton down." It
is due to that gallant soldier and gentleman to say that
no act of his distinguished career gives the least color
to your unfounded aspersions upon his conduct. He
depopulated no villages, nor towns, nor cities, either
friendly or hostile. He offered and extended friendly
aid to his unfortunate fellow-citizens who desired to
flee from your fraternal embraces. You are equally
unfortunate in your attempt to find a justification for
this act of cruelty, either in the defense of Jonesboro,
by General Hardee, or of Atlanta, by myself. General
Hardee defended his position in front of Jonesboro at
the expense of injury to the houses; an ordinary,
proper, and justifiable act of war. I defended Atlanta at
the same risk and cost. If there was any fault in either
case, it was your own, in not giving notice, especially
in the case of Atlanta, of your purpose to shell the
town, which is usual in war among civilized nations. No
inhabitant was expelled from his home and fireside by
the orders of General Hardee or myself, and therefore
your recent order can find no support from the
conduct of either of us. I feel no other emotion other
than pain in reading that portion of your letter which
attempts to justify your shelling Atlanta without notice

75. under pretense that I defended Atlanta upon a line so
close to town that every cannon-shot and many
musket-balls from your line of investment, that
overshot their mark, went into the habitations of
women and children. I made no complaint of your
firing into Atlanta in any way you thought proper. I
make none now, but there are a hundred thousand
witnesses that you fired into the habitations of women
and children for weeks, firing far above and miles
beyond my line of defense. I have too good an
opinion, founded both upon observation and
experience, of the skill of your artillerists, to credit the
insinuation that they for several weeks unintentionally
fired too high for my modest field-works, and
slaughtered women and children by accident and want
of skill.
The residue of your letter is rather discussion. It opens
a wide field for the discussion of questions which I do
not feel are committed to me. I am only a general of
one of the armies of the Confederate States, charged
with military operations in the field, under the direction
of my superior officers, and I am not called upon to
discuss with you the causes of the present war, or the
political questions which led to or resulted from it.
These grave and important questions have been
committed to far abler hands than mine, and I shall
only refer to them so far as to repel any unjust
conclusion which might be drawn from my silence. You
charge my country with "daring and badgering you to
battle." The truth is, we sent commissioners to you,
respectfully offering a peaceful separation, before the
first gun was fired on either aide. You say we insulted
your flag. The truth is, we fired upon it, and those who
fought under it, when you came to our doors upon the
mission of subjugation. You say we seized upon your

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