Reading in Philippines History academics

Reading in Philippine History is an important subject that helps students understand the story of our nation through the eyes of those who experienced it. It goes beyond just memorizing dates and events — it focuses on reading and analyzing historical documents, writings, and sources from the past. By studying these materials, we learn how the Philippines was shaped by its struggles, victories, and the actions of its people. It teaches us to look at history not only as a collection of facts but as a living story that continues to influence our present.

This subject also helps students develop critical thinking and deeper appreciation of our heritage. By reading original sources like letters, journals, and declarations, we can see how Filipinos thought and felt during important moments in history. It allows us to understand the context behind events, rather than just accepting what textbooks say. Through this, we become more aware of how history is written — and that there are many sides to every story.

In the end, Reading in Philippine History reminds us of the importance of remembering our past. It inspires us to value our culture, honor our heroes, and learn from the mistakes of history. Most importantly, it encourages us to be responsible citizens who continue the fight for freedom, justice, and progress — just like those who came before us.

1. Gottschalk, 1969 American Historian Shaffer, 1974 Historian Dr. Zeus Salazar Filipino Historian Posited that the term history has evolve from its present connotation. Etymologically, history has taken from the greek word Ιστορία which means “to learn.” At present the term connotes the past events.

2. Gottschalk, 1969 American Historian Shaffer, 1974 Historian Dr. Zeus Salazar Filipino Historian Three (3) attributions of meanings to the concept: It deals with the past events. The records of the past events History as an academic discipline

3. Gottschalk, 1969 American Historian Barness , 1963 Austrailian Politician Dr. Zeus Salazar Filipino Historian Defined history as “ mga pangyayari na may saysay para sa grupo ng taong sinasaysayan nito .” He advocated the use of Filipino in historical discourse.

4. HOW HISTORY BECAME POSSIBLE? WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY HISTORY? QUESTION:

5. Different Branches of History General History Economic History Cultural History

6. History and Philippine Historiography HISTORIOGRAPHY Art of writing Refers to the theory and history of historical writing. Rooted from the greek word “ historia ” which means “ past ” and “ graphier ” which means “ to write ”.

7. 1.1 The Writing of History during the Spanish Period

8. Augustinian Dominican St. Francis Jesuit Father Recollect Father Spanish Friars; Early Historians

9. The 1 st order friars that arrived in the Philippines. FRAY JUAN DE GRIJALVA – wrote the book “ Cronica de la Order de N.P.S Agustin en las provincias dela Nueva España ” which showcased Augustinian mission of the Philippines. FRAY CASIMIRO DIAZ wrote on the Filipino uprisings in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. FRAY JOAQUIN MARTINEZ DE ZUÑIGA wrote “ Historia de las Islas Filipinas ” which was summary of the accounts of the early chronicles. 1. AUGUSTINIAN

10. DOMINICAN FRIARS WHO GAVE VALUABLE CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY: FR. DIEGO DE ADVANTE – wrote “ Historia de la Provincial del Santo Rosario ” which showcased their missionary activities. FR. BALTAZAR DE SANTA CRUZ – accounted the B inalatongan Revolt of 1860 in Pangasinan FR. VICENTE SALAZAR and FR. DIEGO COLANTES – gave vivid account of the Dominican mission in Batanes . FR. JUAN FERANDO – worked on the history of the Dominican Order in the Philippines. 2. DOMINICANS

11. FRAY JUAN DE LA PLASENCIA – “Los Casturibres de los Tagalogs ” published in Nagcarlan in 1589. It showcased the customary laws of the pre-Spanish Philippines. Considered the first civil code of the Philippine . 3. ST. FRANCIS

12. Fray Juan de la Plasencia – “Los Casturibres de los Tagalogs ” published in Nagcarlan in 1589. It showcased the customary laws of the pre-Spanish Philippines. Considered the first civil code of the Philippine . 3. St. Francis

13. FR. PEDRO CHIRINO – Relacion de las Islas Filipinas . - Published in Rome in 1604. - Narrative of life of the Filipinos prior to the colonization. 4. JESUIT FATHERS

14. FRAY JUAN DE LA CONCEPCION – written valuable information that can be used to understand the cultures of the Spanish Philippines 5. RECOLLECT FATHERS

15. 1.2 SECULAR HISTORIANS DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

16. Spanish officials in the Islands; Foreign Residents and Writers and the Filipino Ilustrado

17. DR. ANTONIO DE MORGA – He can be considered as the most respected and his “ Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas” one of the most reliable sources of information regarding the 16 th Century of the Philippines. CAPTAIN MIGUEL DE LOARCA – “ Relacion de las Islas Filipinas ”, highlited the material culture of the early Filipinos. THOMAS DE COMYN – “ Estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1810 ”. SPANISH OFFICIALS WHO SERVE THE COUNTRY

18. 1.3 FILIPINO HISTORIANS DURING THE SPANISH PHILIPPINES

19. DR. JOSE P. RIZAL – “ Filipinas dentro de cien años ”. Reading the future of the archipelago. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR – “ Dasalan at Tocsohan ”. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA – “ Fray Botod ”. PEDRO PATERNO – “ Ninay ”. First novel authored by a native Filipino. * Filipino Revolutionaries: Andres Bonifacio , Emilio Jacinto, Pio Valenzuela, Apolinario Mabini , Artemio Ricarte , and many others… FIRST FILIPINO NATIONALIST HISTORIANS: