Partial State Observers for Linear
Time-Delay Systems
Reza Mohajerpoor
AbstractState estimation is an essential component of any model-based control sys-
tem. In particular, partial state estimation is favorable when the full set of the states
of a system is not observable or detectable, or for large-scale systems that need only a
few functions of the states to be monitored. This chapter overviews recent advance-
ments in functional observer design algorithms for linear time-invariant systems.
The concept of functional observability is explained for systems with and without
perturbations, as a generalization of observability or detectability perceptions. More-
over, delay-free and delay-dependent functional observer design schemes for linear
time-delay systems with state and input delays are illustrated. Since the exact delay
values are often not measurable in practice, a methodology is demonstrated to deal
with uncertain state delays in designing delay-dependent functional observers. In
light of that, an auxiliary time-varying delay with arbitrary bounds is exploited in the
observer, which effectively relaxes the conservative nature of delay-free observers.
KeywordsState estimation
·Time-delay·Functional observability·Observer
1 Introduction
A broad range of nonlinear dynamic systems can be linearized around desired set
points that maximize the performance of the system. To maintain the operating con-
dition of the system around a desired set point, linear control laws can be constructed
by real-time feedback from the states of the system. However, monitoring/measuring
all the states of a system is often not possible or extremely costly. To lift this bur-
den the un-measured states of the system can be estimated using model-based state
observers such as Luenberger observers [1]. If the linearized dynamics of the system
R. Mohajerpoor (B)
Data 61, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia
e-mail:
[email protected]
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive
license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. H. Park (ed.),Recent Advances in Control Problems of Dynamical Systems
and Networks, Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 301,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49123-9_1
3