Red rot of sugarcane

PAT 301

1. RED ROT OF SUGARCANE COURSE TEACHER: Dr. PARTHASARATHY S Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology) STUDENT: Mr. SURYA R ID. NO. 2016021045 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore3 ) Kullapuram (Po), ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562

2. Common name: Sugarcane Scientific name: Saccharum officinarum Family: Poaceae

3. ©cnrgv.toulouse.inra.fr

4. RED ROT

5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DISEASE It was first identified in Java 1893 under the name red smut. The disease was first seen in India in 1901 near Godavari Delta of Andhra Pradesh. In 1905, Butler reported that the disease caused severe damage in certain cane varieties in India and renamed it as red rot. Epidemic in 1939-40 in Haryana, UP and Bihar.

6. ECONOMIC LOSS It can reduce cane weight by up to 29% and loss in sugar recovery by 31%.

7. DISTRIBUTION Worldwide. Tropics of Asia, Africa, North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, Oceania.

8. Global distribution of Red rot of Sugarcane ©Crop diseases and their management, Chaube.H.S and V.S.Pundhir .

9. SYMPTOMS Stalk symptoms Leaf symptoms

10. STALK SYMPTOMS The first symptom seen after the rainy season when the normal plant growth stops and sucrose formation was started. Loss of colour and drooping of third or fourth leaves from the top are the earliest symptoms.The entire top withers. In later stages the canes become shriveled, The red shrinks and become longitudinally wrinkled. such canes are lighter in weight and easily broken .

11. STALK SYMPTOMS If the disease canes are split open longitudinally, especially when withering of leaves started, the pith tooks red coloured . In very advance stage, red colour may be replaced by dirty brown. Cavieties filled with greyish mycellium and the juice gives a bad smell due to conversion of sucrose in to glucose and alcohol as a result of enzymatic action of pathogen.

12. External red blotches on sugarcane stem ©www.pestnet.org/fact-sheets/sugarcaneredrot.htm

13. Internal symptoms of red rot ©www.vsisugar.com

14. Reddening of pith region of sugarcane ©TNAU Agritech Portal : Crop Protectionagritech.tnau.ac.in

15. LEAF SYMPTOMS Tiny reddish lesion on the upper surface of lamina. These lesions are 2-3 mm in length and about 0.5 mm in width. Minute red dot on upper surface of midrib of leaf. Later on become straw coloured in centre with development of darker acervuli .

16. Small spots on the leaf blade are probably white rash ©www.pestnet.org/fact-sheets/sugarcaneredrot.htm

17. Red colouration of mid leaf ©TNAU Agritech Portal :: Crop Protectionagritech.tnau.ac.in

18. Severe damage by red rot pathogen ©https://sugarcane.icar.gov.in

19. CAUSAL ORGANISM Kingdom: Fungi Phylum : Ascomycota Class : Sordariomcetes Order : Phyllachorales Family : Glomerellaceae Genus : Colletotrichum Species : falcatum Went in 1893.

20. PATHOGEN CHARACTER Anamorph : Colletotrichum falcatum Teleomorph : Glomerella tucumanen sis

21. PATHOGEN CHARACTER Asexual or Conidial stage Pathogen produces conidia from conidiophore arranged in acervuli . Conidia are falcate (Sickle shaped) hyaline and septate .

22. ©Biology Discussion.com

23. Conidia of Colletotrichum falcatum ©agropedia.iitk.ac.in

24. Acervuli of red rot ©agropedia.iitk.ac.in

25. PATHOGEN CHARACTER Sexual or Perfect stage Chona and Srivastava (1952) first reported the perithecial stage of the fungus in culture at IARI New Delhi. Perithecia are globose , which are produce on the various parts of the host. Asci are numerous, hyaline, eightspored , ascospores are aseptate , hyaline, slightly fusoid .

26. Structure of Perithecia ©eagri.org

27. ©Crop diseases and their management, Chaube.H.S and V.S.Pundhir .

28. Disease cycle of Red rot of sugarcane © Biology Discussion.com

29. SURVIVAL It is a soil and sett borne disease. Infected propagules in the soil may be conidia, setae, thick walled hyphae . It can survive 63 days during winter and for 34 days during summer in affected stalk.

30. SPREAD Primary transmission through soil and diseased setts , while the secondary transmission through air, rain splash and soil.

31. DISEASE MANAGEMENT Resistant varieties. Cultural methods Physical methods. Chemical methods.

32. CULTURAL METHODS Crop rotation. Field sanitation. Fallen diseased leaves should be collected and burnt. Selection of disease free planting material.

33. Ratooning should be discouraged. Removal of collateral hosts. Use resistant varieties like CO 244, CO 62399, CO 62101, CO 1336, CO 1261 etc.

34. COLLATERAL HOSTS OF RED ROT Sorghum vulgare , Sorghum halepance , Saccharam spontaneum , Leptochola filiformis and Miscanthus sp .

35. PHYSICAL METHODS Hot water treatment Setts were treated with hot water at 52ºC for 18 min. Aerated steam therapy Setts are heated at 52ºC for 4-5 hrs. Hot air treatment Setts are treated by hot air at 54ºC for 2 hrs.

36. CHEMICAL TREATMENT Sett treatment Setts are dipped in ethylmethyl chloride (0.25 %) for 5-10 min. Setts treated with carbendazim (0.5 %) and thiram (0.1%) should reduce the incidence of infection.

37. Sett treatment © youtube

38. REFERENCES Chaube . H.S and V.S.Pundhir , 2015, Crop diseases and their management, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi- 110 092. pp 401-403 Singh. R.S, 2018, Plant Diseases, MED TECH. A division of scientific International Pvt . Ltd. pp 497-503 http:/www.vsisugar.com>plantpatology