Reims cathedral

A case study on Reims cathedral

1. REIMS CATHEDRAL BY Rajay Bajracharya Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 1

2. Reims Cathedral In french: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Reims Location: Place du Cardinal Luçon, 51100 ,Reims, France Presentation on Cathedral De Reims 2

3. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 3 History Constructed during 1211-1345 Architecture style being symbolizing high G othic period of the French. Designed by Architects Jean d'Orbais , Jean-le-Loup , Gaucher of Reims , Bernard de Soissons Commissioned by the Holy Catholic Church in honour of the Virgin Mary Fig: The Labyrinth of the Reims Cathedral was a church labyrinth installed on the floor of the nave of the Reims Cathedral.

4. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 4 (Top right) : Jean Orbais (1211-1231) made the plans of the cathedral and began the apse. (Top left) : Jean-le-Loup [ fr ] (1231-1247) began the northern portals. (Bottom left) : Gaucher de Reims [ fr ] (1247-1255) began the arches and portals on the western façade. (Bottom right) : Bernard de Soissons (1255-1290) made five vaults of the nave and the great rosace . The people in the corners of the labyrinth are successive master masons of the cathedral:

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7. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 7 Details According to  Flodard ,   Saint Nicasius  founded the first church on the site of the current cathedral at the beginning of the 5th century ,  probably in 401 ,  on the site of a  Gallo-Roman bath . The Church was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The Reims church is measured to be approximately 20 m (66  ft ) by 55 m (180  ft ). After final construction of the two bell towers its height was measured to be 82m tall. Floor area of 71000 ft2

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9. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 9 How arched stone walls influenced Reims

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13. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 13 Since the church was built during Romanesque period, we see the typical 3 door façade. These doors are called portals and each door enters into a different aisle of the church and are called the naves. Western Façade Portals

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19. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 19 Gallery Of Kings

20. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 20 The cathedral's exterior glorifies royalty. In the center of the front facade and above the rose window is the Gallery of Kings, composed of 56 statues with a height of 4.5 meters (15 ft ), with Clovis I in the center mid-baptism, Clotilde to his right, and Saint Remigius to his left. Above the choir rises an elegant lead-covered timber bell tower that is 18 m (about 59 feet) tall, reconstructed in the 15th century and in the 1920s. The total exterior length is 149.17 meters and its surface area is 6,650 square meters. Exterior

21. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 21 Legend The legend has it that during the baptism of King Clovis , the ruler of the Franks, The oil required for the coronation was received by the bishop from a Dove sent by God.

22. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 22 Legend This legend is specially important because since this Cathedral is where the coronations of Kings take place. Reims Cathedral is where Kings get their divine inspirations from, which legitimizes their rule over their subjects.

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25. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 25 Central Doorway

26. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 26 Large Jamb Sculptures

27. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 27 Visitation Virgin Mary Elizabeth Masons and T he folklore The Annunciation and Visitation figures were made by different Masons during different periods as shown by the subtle nature of the curves on their clothes. Thus depicting the true large scale nature of the cathedral and thus the religious cause of it .

28. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 28 Structure The structure of the Cathedral consists of long pillars creating over hanging arches supported by buttresses and we can see how the architects have decorated even the structural aspects with refined J amb sculpture of Virgin Mary holding Christ.

29. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 29 Interior

30. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 30 Side Aisle Interior

31. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 31 Clerestory Triforium Nave Arcade Interior Elevation The interior consists of a 3 sections in which the bottom is a nave arcade with series of high arches typical of the high Gothic period . Above that is a Triforium series of arches . At the top we have the Clerestory with large windows that symbolises the openness of light of God in the Catholic times.

32. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 32 Clerestory

33. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 33 The effect of the Clerestory letting light in.

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35. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 35 Flying Buttresses The French knew that such a massive building could not support itself on piers alone so they added flying buttresses to not only support the load but also allow light to pass in naturally.

36. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 36 Flying Buttresses and the Roof Support

37. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 37 The Roof The roof was said to be made out of 13000 trees in the 13 th century.

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39. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 39 Groin Vaults A groin vault or groined vault is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.

40. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 40 Ribbing The nave of the church is divided into webs by a frame work of diagonal arched ribs. Gothic architects used stones that were lighter for that in between spaces for ribbing .

41. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 41 F oliage Leaves

42. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 42 Use of Stained Glass

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44. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 44 After the destruction, Modern artists most notably Marc Chagall were commissioned to redesign the church glasses that were destroyed during the war.

45. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 45 Drawings of Reims Cathedral

46. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 46 Modifications over Time In 1712, the angel of the bell tower was overthrown by a hurricane, he was restored the same year. In 1744, destruction of the rood screen and the fences of the choir, by the canons, with a view to "embellishments" and to meet the demands of the Council of Trent . In 1779, abolition, by the canons, of the labyrinth . During the Revolution, the cathedral transformed into a temple of reason, was pillaged. The crest of fleur-de-lis and shamrock from the ridge is removed (reminder of the old regime). The canopy, above the Virgin of the pier of the central portal is destroyed, the sculptures and inscriptions of the 13th century of the lintel are erased and replaced by a revolutionary inscription.

47. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 47 Modifications over Time In the 19th century, restorations, replacements and creations were carried out on the building by several architects, including Viollet-le-Duc. They relate mainly to the high galleries of the nave and the apse, the large rose and the towers. From September 19, 1914 the cathedral was taken under fire from German bombardments, the roof was ablaze, the stained glass windows burst, the statues were mutilated From 1919 restoration work began led by Henri Deneux , the cathedral was reopened for worship in 1938. Since then, several restoration campaigns have healed the wounds of war and environmental aggressions.

48. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 48 Events In 1991, classification of the cathedral on the UNESCO world heritage list. On September 22, 1996, visit of Pope John Paul II, on the occasion of the 1,500th anniversary of the baptism of Clovis by Saint Remi. Saturday, October 8, 2016 celebration of the 1,200th anniversary of the coronation of Louis the Pious in the cathedral of Reims.

49. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 49 The Recent fire The recent fire outbreak in Paris caused the roof to completely burn. Its spire to fall. However 80% of the relics have been saved. Reconstruction is on going with the president of France claiming to have it completely restored within the coming 5 years.

50. Presentation on Cathedral De Reims By 075BAR038 50 THANK YOU