Reinforcements & its types

Reinforcement ~ "the process of encouraging or establishing a belief or pattern of behaviour."

1. Reinforcement & its types

2. Reinforcement is the process in which a behavior is strengthened by the immediate consequence that reliably follows its occurrence. When a behavior is strengthened, it is more likely to occur again in the future. Types of Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Reinforcement

3. Positive reinforcement is defined as the occurrence of a behavior is followed by the addition of a stimulus (a reinforcer ) or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus, which results in the strengthening of the behavior. In positive reinforcement, the stimulus that is presented or that appears after the behavior is called a positive reinforcer . Negative reinforcement is defined as the occurrence of a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus (an aversive stimulus) or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus, which results in the strengthening of the behavior. In negative reinforcement, the stimulus that is removed or avoided after the behavior is called an aversive stimulus. Positive and Negative Reinforcement

4. a) Abhay has a habit of throwing his toys around his room after playing with them and doesn’t clean it. If we use the reinforcer of Chocolate when Abhay clean up his toys, the behavior of cleaning up his toys will get reinforced. Before: The toy mess Behavior: Cleaning the toys After: Getting the Chocolate Examples of Positive Reinforcement

5. b) Suresh is a shy boy, he doesn’t talk or greet the strangers, if we add reinforcer of Toy, after every 5 times when Suresh would greet a stranger, he would get a toy. Before: Shying away from strangers Behavior: Greeting the stranger After: Getting the toy

6. a ) Sarah finds it annoying to get a taxi at 9 am due to morning rush, so to avoid it, she would get a taxi at 8:30 am. Before: Annoying morning rush. Behavior: Getting the taxi early. After: Morning rush is gone. Examples of Negative Reinforcement

7. b ) John had made Lasagna in the microwave oven and had taken out the lasagna out of the oven without using the gloves, due to which his hands were burned, so in the future he would wear gloves so as to not get his hands burned. Before: Hands were burned Behavior: Putting on the gloves After : Hands are not burned