Reported speech

it is useful for those who are learning English language. it is specially helpful for high school students.

1. REPORTED SPEECH/ Indirect speech Mustheena k B.Ed. English

2. There are two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to other person. speech Direct speech Indirect speech

3. Direct speech: Ben said, “I am angry” Indirect speech: Ben said that he was angry

4. DIRECT SPEECH In direct speech the original words of person are narrated. No change is made. It is original quotation of a talk. It is always placed between two quotation marks It is always preceded by capital letter He said: “I am handsome.”

5. Reported speech/ Indirect speech In reported speech some changes are made in original words of the person because these words have been uttered in past so the tense will change accordingly and pronoun may also change accordingly. Tense may change Pronoun may also change He said that he was handsome

6. Now let’s look What changes will come when we change direct speech into reported speech

7. direct INDIRECT Is /Am Was Are Were Have/Has Had Was/Were Had been Will/Shall Would May Might This That These Those Now Then Here There

8. direct INDIRECT Before Ago So Thus Hence Thence Today That day Tomorrow The next day Yesterday The last day Next day The following day Last day The previous day TIME CHANGE

9. direct INDIRECT I She / He You She/He/They We They Me Her/ His You Her/His/Them Us Them My His / Her Your Her/His/Then Our Their PRONOUN CHANGE

10. Tense change direct INDIRECT Simple present Simple past Present continuous Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Simple past Past perfect Past continuous Past perfect continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

11. CONJUNCTION Direct ( kind of sentence ) INDIRECT ( conjunction ) Statement That Imperative To, not to Begin the imperative sentence with “please” Requested + to Yes/no question If/Whether W/H question What, when, How etc. Order Told + to

12. direct INDIRECT Simple present He said:”I am happy” Simple past He said that he was happy Present continuous He said:”I am playing with my brother Past continuous He said that he was playing with his brother Present perfect She said:”I have waited here for a long time” Past perfect She said that she had waited there for a long time Present perfect continuous Arun said:”I have been working here for two years” Past perfect continuous Arun said that he had been working there for two years REPORTING STATEMENTS

13. direct INDIRECT Simple past Aysha said:”I completed my work” Past perfect Aysha said that she had completed her work Past continuous They said:”They were playing cricket when the accident occured ” Past perfect continuous They said that they had been playing cricket when the accident had occured Past perfect John said:”She had slept when i reached home” Past perfect continuous John said that she had been sleeping when he had reached home Past perfect continuous He said:”He had been playing chess when his friend called him” Past perfect continuous He said that he had been playing chess when his friend had called him REPORTING STATEMENTS

14. direct INDIRECT Simple future (will+verb) She said:”I will pass the exam” Conditional (would+verb) She said that she would pass the exam “I can do it” He said that he could do it “ may i go out” She wanted to know if she might go out “She must apply for the job” He said that she must/had to apply for the job REPORTING STATEMENTS

15. Type of questions direct INDIRECT W/H question “why don’t you come yesterday” He asked me why I didn’t come yesterday Yes/No Question “Do you write poems” She asked me whether/if I wrote poems REPORTING QUESTIONS

16. direct INDIRECT “Please help me” She requested me to help her “Please don’t smoke” He requested me not to smoke “could you bring my book tonight” She asked me to bring her book that night “Could you pass the milk, please ? He requested me to pass the milk “Would you mind coming early tomorrow?” She asked me to come early the next day REPORTING request

17. direct INDIRECT “Go to bed!” He told the child to go to bed “Don’t worry!” She told him not to worry “Be on time!” She told me to be on time “Don’t smoke!” He told us not to smoke REPORTING orders