Research methodology 1ST LECTURE ENGLISH.pptx

its related to research methodology

1. Introduction to Research Methodology 1 By Zahra Jaffri Riphah International University Faisalabad

2. RESERACH 2 Re ---------------- Search Re means (once more, afresh, anew) OR (back; with return to a previous state) Search means (look thorough or go over thoroughly to look something) OR (examine to find anything concealed)

3. Research? 3 Research is an ORGANIZED and SYSTEMATIC way of FINDING ANSWERS to QUESTIONS .

4. SYSTEMATIC 4 bec a us e t h e re is p r o ced u r e s an d S t ep s which a d e f i n i t e f oll o w . Th e re a re ce r t a i n t hi ng s in se t of y o u w ill t he r e s ea rch p r o c es s w h ic h a re a lw ay s do ne in order to get the most accurate results.

5. ORGANIZED in that there is a structure or method in going about doing research. It is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a specific scope. 5

6. FINDING ANSWERS is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers. Sometimes the answer is no, but it is still an answer. 6

7. QUESTIONS are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose. 7

8. Defining Research 8 1). A collection m e t hod s an d apply m e t h o do l o gi e s systematically of t h a t r es e a r che r s to produce scientifically b a se d kn o w le dg e abo u t t h e s oc i a l world. (Neuman)

9. Methodology: » Methodology & methods, two terms are often treated as synonyms. Methodology is broader and envelops methods. It is understanding the 9 social-organizational ph i l osoph i cal as s u m pt i ons, contex t , eth i c al principals and political issues of the enterprise of researchers who use methods.

10. Methods: » Methods techn i ques 10 are set of for se l ec t i ng s pec i f i c c ases, measuring and observing aspects of social life, gathering and refining data, analyzing data and reporting on results.

11. SCIENTIFIC METHOD ‘Science’ refers to the body of systematic and organized knowledge which makes use of scientific method to acquire knowledge in a particular field of enquiry. Scientific method is the systematic collection of data (facts) and their theoretical treatment through proper observation, experimentation and interpretation.

12. Characteristics of Research Research is directed towards the solution of a problem . Research is based upon observable experience or empirical evidence . Research demands accurate observation and description . Research involves gathering new data from primary sources or using existing data for a new purpose. Research activities are characterized by carefully designed procedures . Research requires expertise i.e., skill necessary to carryout investigation, search the related literature and to understand and analyze the data gathered. Research is objective and logical – applying every possible test to validate the data collected and conclusions reached. Research involves the quest for answers to unsolved problems . Research requires courage . Research is characterized by patient and unhurried activity. Research is carefully recorded and reported.

13. Purpose clearly defined. Research process detailed. Research design thoroughly planned. High ethical standards applied. Limitations frankly revealed. Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs. Findings presented unambiguously. Conclusions justified. Researcher’s experience reflected. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH

14. QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH Systematic Logical Empirical Replicable Creative Use of multiple methods

15. NEED FOR RESEARCH EXPLORATION DESCRIBE DIAGNOSE HYPOTHESIS INDUCTIONS AND DEDUCTIONS

16. Thank You… 