Research process

Research Process

1. RESEARCH PROCESS Presented by:- Hitesh Roll No:108

2. DEFINE-RESEARCH Research  can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories.

3. RESEARCH PROCESS A Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out research and the desired sequencing of these steps .

4. Methods Of Research 1.The Scientific Method This method involves techniques for investigating phenomena acquiring knowledge correcting and integrating previous knowledge

5. 2. Historical Method It involves techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write history This approach may also be used with artistic project development

6. RESEARCH SOURCES 1.PRIMARY SOURCES 2.SECONDRY SOURCES

7. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS Step One: Define research problem Step Two: Review of literature Step Three: Formulate hypotheses Step Four: Preparing the research design Step Five: Data collection Step Six: Data analysis Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing

8. Define research problem Review the literature Formulate hypotheses Design research Collect data Analyse data Interpret and report ff f f ff Where f = feed back(helps in controlling the sub system ff= feed forward(serves the vital function of providing criteria for evaluation

9. Step One: Define Research Problem There are two types of research problem, viz., those relate to states of nature relationship between variables . Essentially two steps are involved in define research problem, viz., understanding the problem thoroughly and rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point of view.

10. Step Two: Review of Literature For this Purpose: Manuals Company Records journals ,published data can be used.

11. -Literature review is integral part of entire research process and makes valuable contribution to every operational step. -Reviewing literature can be time-consuming, daunting and frustrating, but is also rewarding. Its functions are: a. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem; b. Improve your methodology; c. Broaden your knowledge; d. Contextualise your findings .

12. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested. The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right track.

13. Step Four: Preparing the Research Design The function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, viz., (1) Exploration, (2) Description,(3) Diagnosis, and (4) Experimentation.

14. Step Five: Data Collection Primary data can be collected through: By Observation Through personal interview Through telephone interview By mailing of questionnaries Through Schedules

15. Step Six: Data Analysis The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories. This stage mainly include : Coding Editing Tabulation

16. Step Seven: Interpretation and Report Writing Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him. Writing of report includes: the preliminary pages; the main text, and the end matter.

17. Conclusion Good quality research requires a researcher to follow scientific approach. Researcher must follow scientific method in conducting literature review, identifying research gaps, writing problem statement & outlining research questions and research objectives. Researcher must carefully select among different research designs, the selection of which depends on specific research questions and the overall objectives of the study.