Research utilization

It is the process of transferring the research knowledge into practice, thus facilitating an innovative change in practice of protocols. Research utilization is the use of the findings from a disciplined study or a set of studies in a practical application that is unrelated to the original research.

1. RESEARCH
UTILIZATION
Mrs.PreetiThakur
SMVDCoN

2. INTRODUCTION
Fromthebeginning,nursinghasbeen
recognizedasbothanart&science.Florence
Nightingale’sbook,NOTESONNURSING,
atthetimeofits1
st
publication,nursing
schoolsdidnotexist,therewasnodistinct
bodyofnursing–science,northerewere
recognizablenursingpractices

3. Shecombinedbasicconceptsofcareusing
principlesof:-
Ventilationandwarming
Environment
Noise,nutrition,bedding,light&
cleanlinesswithscientificstrategieslike;
observation,datacollection&statistical
analysis.

4. SO,
Nightingalewasnotonly
thefirstnursetoconduct
research,butalsothefirst
todisseminateresearch
findingsandimplement
researchbasedtopractice.

5. CONTD….
Current nursing interventions are based on
tradition rather than science.
Some traditional procedures seem very
logical and helpful when considered at face
value, but a review of the scientific literature
reveals that intervention is not ineffective,
but also potential harmful.

6. Commonpracticeofinstillingsalinetothe
trachea,priortodeepsuctioningtoloosen
secretionsandfacilitateremovalof
secretions,mostresearcheshavenot
supportedthisfact.
EXAMPLE

7. DEFINITION

8. RESEARCH UTILIZATION
Itistheprocessoftransferringtheresearch
knowledgeintopractice,thusfacilitatingan
innovativechangeinpracticeofprotocols.
Researchutilizationistheuseofthefindings
fromadisciplinedstudyorasetofstudiesin
apracticalapplicationthatisunrelatedtothe
originalresearch.

9. Nursing
practice
area
Identify
problem
Conduct the
research
Generate
new
knowledge
Disseminate
knowledge
Utilize
findings in
nursing
practice
Relationship
between
conducting,
disseminating
& utilization
of research

10. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
EBP involves making clinical
decisions on the basis of the
best possible evidence, usually
best evidence comes from
rigorous research.

11. RESEARCH UTILIZATION PATH
Emergence of
research
findings on a
topic.
Efforts to
use findings
in practice
(RU)
Evaluation/
integration of
findings:
Best research
Evidence.

12. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE PATH
Search for
best
evidence to
address
clinical
problems
Evaluation of
other types of
evidence. Eg;
(clinical
experience,
patient
preference,etc)
Efforts to
base
practice on
best
evidence
(EBP)

13. RUPATH & EBP PATH
Emergence of research
findings on a topic
Evaluation of other types
of evidence. Eg; (clinical
experience, patient
preference,etc
Search for best evidence to
address clinical problems
Evaluation/integration
of findings: best
research evidence
RU
Path
EBP
Path

14. Theoristswhohavestudiedthephenomenon
ofknowledgedevelopmentanddiffusionof
ideastypicallyrecognizeacontinuumin
termsofaspecificityoftheusetowhich
researchfindingswereput.
Atoneendofthecontinuumarediscrete,
clearlyidentifiableattemptstobasespecific
actionsontheresearchfindings.
CONTD….

15. EXAMPLE
.Aseriesofstudiesin1960sand1970
demonstratedthattheoptimalplacement
timeofaglassthermometerforaccurateoral
temperaturedeterminationis9min.

16. Whennursesspecificallyalteredtheir
behaviourfromshorterplacementtimestothe
empiricallybasedrecommendationsof9min.
Thisconstitutedaninstanceofresearch
utilizationatthisendofcontinuum.Thistype
ofutilizationhasbeenreferredtoas
instrumentalutilization.

17. Researchfindingscan,however,beusedin
amorediffusemannerinawaythat
promotes cumulative awareness,
understanding,thisisreferredtoas
CONCEPTUALUTILISATION.

18. TYPES OF RESEARCH UTILIZATION
Estabrooks (1999) recently studied RU by
collecting survey data from 600 nurses in
Canada.
She found evidence to support three distinct
types –
Indirect
RU
Persuasive
utilization
Direct
RU

19. Involvingchangesinnursesthinkingand
thereforeanalogoustoconceptualutilization.

20. Directuseoffindingsingivingpatientcare&
thereforeanalogoustoinstrumental
utilization.

21. Involvingtheuseoffindingstopersuadeothers
tomakechangesinpoliciesorpracticesrelevant
topatientcare.

22. RUPROCESS
ROGER’S DIFFUSION OF
INNOVATIONSTHEORY
Rogerspostulatesthatknowledge
diffusionisanevolutionaryprocess
bywhichaninnovationis
communicatedovertimetothe
membersofsocialsystem.Thekey
elementsinthisprocess,allof
whichinfluencetherate&extentof
innovationadoption,includes:-

23. •New idea , practice or
procedure that, if adopted
will result in changes.
The innovation
•Media through information
is transmitted. Eg: journals
articles, the internet
Communication
channels
•Knowledge diffusion occurs
through timeTime
Set of interrelated units that
solve problems & seek to
accomplish a common goal.
Social system

24. Models of research
utilization

25. Toassistthepracticingnurseinthe
utilizationofresearchinnursing:
1)Conductandutilizationofresearchin
nursingmodel(CURN)givenbyHoislyetal,
1983.
2)WesternInterstateCommissionforHigher
Education(WICHE)model,givenbyPhillips,
1986.
CONTD….

26. 3)TheStetlerModel,givenbyStetlerand
Marram,1976.
4)Thesystemsmodelforchangerelatedto
clinicalresearch,by(Comway,1978).
5)HornVideoProductionsModelforRU,1991.

27. CURN PROJECT
/MODEL
(Conduct and utilization
of research in nursing)

28. OBJECTIVES
Toincreasetheuseofresearchfindingsin
thedailypracticeofregisterednursesby:
a) Disseminating current research
findings.
b) Facilitating organizational changes
needed to implement innovations.
c) Encouraging collaborative clinical
research.

29. Tostimulatethe
conductofresearch
inclinicalsettings.
Focusedonhelping
nursestouse
researchfindingsin
theirpractice.

30. At the end CURN
PROJECT team
concluded that RU
by practicing nurses
is feasible , but only if
research is relevant to
practice, if the results
are broadly
disseminated

31. STETLER
MODEL

32. RU (1994) designed with assumption that RU
could be undertaken not only by organizations
; but by individual clinicians and managers.
This model was updated in 2001.
PHASES:
Preparation
Validation
Comparative evaluation/ Decision
Translation/ Application
Evaluation

34. BARRIERS IN UTILIZATION OF
NSGRESEARCH

35. CONTD…..
A major barrier to RU is the absence of published
research on specific clinical issues.
Published research may have limitations (eg. Sample
size or design) that restrict the ability to generalize
results to clinical practice settings.
Nurses may lack experience reading and critiquing
research reports.
Nurses may have difficulty in interpreting study designs
and statistical findings.
Some of the main constraints to the use of nursing
research findings are as follows:

36. Nurseslacktimetoactivelyparticipatein
conductingandimplementing nursing
research.

37. Nurses lack to the resources to read current
research findings.

38. Nurses do not understand the importance of
research.

39. Researchisaminute
anddifficultcomponent
of undergraduate
nursingprograms.

40. Health care system in our own scenario pays
little attention to research on nursing issues.

41. Lackofaccessto
research
literatureforthe
bedsideclinical
nurses.

42. Investigators lack of preservation of
research from a clinical perspective, and
their use of research jargon can make it
difficult for staff nurses to understand or
interpret study results.

43. Published research may have few clinical
applications, and staff nurses may not read
nursing research journals.

44. Researchreportsmostoftenarepresented
toaudiencesofresearchers;therefore,
pertinentclinicalfindingsmaynotreach
nurseswhocanpracticallyusethesenew
ideasinpatientcare.

45. Voda et al. found that lack of research
utilization is basically due to :
failure to directly involve the clinical nurses
in research projects.
Researchers not directly being involved with
patient care.
Nurses failing to read research articles.

46. Funk, Champagne , Wiese and Tornquist ,
( 1991) identified the barriers to research
utilization under four categories:
1 . Factors
related to
nurses
3. Organizational
factors
2. Nursing
research factors
4.Communication
factors

47. FACTORS RELATED TO NURSES
Nurses have a lack of time, motivation ,
confidence , research knowledge, money &
resources.
Nurses do not see the value of research for
practice.
They are inflexible and unwilling to change
try new ideas.

48. CONTD…
Theyseelittlebenefitfor
selffromresearch.
Theyareinflexibleand
unwillingtochange.
There isnot a
documented needto
changepractice.
Nurseslackconfidencein
newresearchfindings.

49. CONTD….
Theydonotfeelcapableofevaluatingthe
qualityofresearch.
Theylacktime&resourcestostayintouch
withknowledgeablecolleagueswithwhomto
discusstheresearch.
Theyareunawareabouttheimportanceof
research.

50. NURSING RESEARCH FACTORS
The researchhasmethodological
inadequacies.
Theconclusionsdrawnfromtheresearch
arenotjustified.
Theresearchhasnotbeenreplicated.
Theliteraturereportsconflictingresults.

51. Thenursesareuncertainwhetherto
believetheresultsoftheresearch
Researchreports/articlesarenot
publishedfastenough.
Nursingresearchgenerallylackthe
appropriate clinical applicable
recommendations.

52. ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS
Organizations fail to provide access to
journals and research resources.
Organizations lack the funding to support
new research findings.
Administration does not allow
implementation of the research findings.
There is insufficient time on the job to
implement new ideas.

53. CONTD..
Physicians will not co operate with
implementation of research findings.
Insufficient time on the job.
Lack of authority to change patient care
procedures.
Lack of time to read research literature and
participate in it.
Results are not generalized to their setting.

54. COMMUNICATION FACTORS
Lack of collaboration between researchers
and clinicians.
Lack of presentation of research findings in
clinical setting.
Lack of publication in clinical nursing
journals.
Lack of understandable research
publications.

55. Largerproportionofcontradicting
informationinmedicalandnursingjournals
aswellasintextbooks.
Implicationsforpracticearenotclear.
Unavailability,lackofclarityand
illegibilityofresearchreportarticles.
Statisticalanalysesarenotunderstandable.
Relevantliteratureisnotcompiledinone
place.
Researchisnotrelevanttonurses’practice.

56. STRATEGIES TO FACILITATE
UTILIZATION OF NURSING
RESEARCH

57. INTRODUCTION
ThemostcrucialfactorinfacilitatingRUis
theidentificationofclinicallyrelevant
problemsandissues.
Nursingadministratorswhoprovide
adequateresources(example:personnel,
money,time)helppromoteRU.
Therearemultidimensionalbarriersto
researchbasedpractice.Toovercomethese
barrierstherearecertainstrategies.

58. NURSE EDUCATORS
whennurseeducatorsrefertoresearch
findingsregularlyintheirlectures,include
researchbasedpublicationsintheir
referencelists,thestudentwillsoongetthe
messagethatresearchisimportant
foundationforpractice.so,theeducators
must:

59. CONTD….
1.Use research findings to support lectures.
2.Incorporate research findings in clinical
assignments.
3.Strive to make research exciting.

60. NURSE
RESEARCHERS
Forbeneficiariestobebenefitedfrom
researchbasedpractice,researchersmust
makeanelaborateefforttoinclude
informationthatspeciallyaddressespractical
clinicalapplicationsoftheirfindings.So,the
researchersmustpracticethecertain
strategies.

61. STRATEGIES FOR NURSE
RESEARCHER
Focustheirresearchactivityoncurrentclinical
problems.
Disseminateresearchresultsasearlyas
possible.

62. CONTD…
Presentresearchfindings
locally,regionallyand
nationally.
Publishtheresearchfindings
inclinical&scientific
journals.
Clearlydelineatepractice
implicationsofresults.

63. NURSE ADMINISTRATORS
Thestructureofhealth
careorganizationshould
supportresearchbased
practice.
Having an expert
researcherwillprovidethe
necessarysupportfor
inexperiencedresearcher
toengageinresearch.

64. STRATEGIES FOR NURSE
ADMINISTRATORS
Establish a research friendly culture
Encourage clinicians to question traditions.
Reward innovations.
Require research basis for practice changes.
Incorporate research role in job description.

65. NURSE CLINICIANS
Toupdatenursesknowledge,theyshould
besenttoconferencestogetpractice
updates.

66. CONTD…
Thenursecliniciansmusttakeinitiativesfor
thefollowingmeasures:
1.Questionpracticetraditions.
2.Committocontinuouslearning.
3.Collaboratewithresearchertorelayclinical
issues.
4.Makechanges&improvepractice.