Respiration in higher plants class 11th NCERT bio

This ppt covers all the basic and important points of chapter respiration in higher plants .
It will help to revise all the important concepts and points of this chapter quickly .
As this is one of the most important and long chapter of plant physiology so se, concised it into short to make easy to ready.

1. Respiration In Higher Plants PRESENTED BY :– ANUSHKA YADAV (21228BOT013 ) PRIYANKA SHARMA (21228BOT044)

2. Points To Cover What is respiration? Why do plants respire? Is plant respiration differ from animal respiration? Do all the plants have different mode of respiration? What is the process of respiration? What do plants have after respiration? Amphibolic pathway Summary

3. Terminologies PHOSPHORYLATION – Attachment of phosphate group to a molecule or an ion . O XIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION - A cellular process that reduces oxygen to generate high energy phosphate bond (ATP). ATP SYNTHASE – Synthesise ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the F1 .

4. Respiration Respiration is referred as metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy (in form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste product . Plants require oxygen to respire , in return it gives out CO2 . Plants also need energy . R espiration is a process through which they g et energy where the glucose breaks down in the presence of oxygen t o form carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy . C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy

5. Difference Between Plants and Animals Respiration Plants do not have any speciliased organ (like lungs in humans , gills in fishes , trachea In insects , cutaneous skin in amphibians ) to respire . The carbondioxide produced in animals during respiration is released to the atmosphere , whereas the carbon dioxide produced during plant respiration may be used by the plants for carrying out photosynthesis In plants respiration rate is slow while in animals respiratory rate is high . Process of breathing is absent in plants while animals have

6. Process In Plant Respiration Steps involved in plant respiration G LYCOLYSI S TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

7. Glycolysis Given by Gustav Embeden , Otto Meyerhoff , J. Parnas and occur in the cytoplasm of cell. In this process glucose undergoes partial oxidation and forms two molecules of pyruvic acid . G lucose is derived from sucrose , which is end product of photosynthesis. Glycolysis occurs in all living organism either plants or animal . There are total 10 steps involved in plant respiration in which some are reversible and some are irreversible. Step 1-5 and 7-10 are reversible and step 1,3and10 is irreversible .

8. In Case Of Anaerobic Respiration Incomplete oxidation of glucose Pyruvic acid is converted to CO2 and Ethanol . In case of some bacteria Lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid . Pyruvic acid Decarboxylase and Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyses these reaction .

9. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Pyruvate is transported from cytoplasm into mitochondria . Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation catalysed by Pyruvic dehydrogenase.

10. TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE Also known as Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle . Occurs in Mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells and cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell. Oxaloacitic Acid is first member . 1Turn = 4 Dehydrogenation +2 Decarboxylation + 1 Substrate level phosphorylation . All enzymes of krebs cycle are located inside mitochondrial matrix except succinate dehydrogenase (inner membrane of mitochondria). Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

11. Outcome Of Kreb Cycle Single pyruvate undergoing kreb cycle results into release of 3 molecules of NADH 1 molecules of FADH2 1 molecule of GTP 2 molecules of CO2 So 2 molecule of pyruvate reults into release of 6 molecules of NADH 2 molecules of FADH2 2 molecules of GTP 4 molecules of CO2

12. Occurs in inner mitochondrial membr ane. Total five complexes involved in ETC are Complex I – (NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase ) Complex II – (succinate dehydrogenase ) Complex III –(coenzyme Q : cytochrome c Redustase ) Complex IV – (cytochrome c oxidase ) Complex V – ( ATP synthase ) UQ(Co ,Q) and Cyt c are mobile carriers. Presence of oxygen is vital which acts as a final hydrogen acceptor. Electron Transport Chain

13. Respiratory Balance Sheet S TEP NUMBER OF TURNS SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPH O R Y L A T ION OXIDATIVE P H OSPHO R Y L A TI ON A T P C ONSUMED NET GAIN EMP P A TH W A Y 1 4 6 OR 4 2 8 OR 6 LINK R EA C T I ON 2 6 6 KR E BS CYCLE 2 2 22 24

14. Amphibolic Pathway Respiratory pathway is involved in both ANABOLISM and CATABOLISM process therefore it is called as amphibolic pathway . ACETYL Co-A is a common meeting point between fat, carbohydrate , and protein metabolism .

15. Respiratory Quotient Ratio of the volume of C02 evolved to the volume of 02 consumed . RQ= VOLUME OF C02 EVOLVED / VOLUME OF 02 CONSUMED RQ OF Carbohydrate is = 1 RQ of Fats = 0.7 RQ of Proteins = 0.8 or 0.9 nearly

16. Summary

17. Some Questions Time