20 RETURN TO THE SOURCE
bombings and other crimes, we have developed a new life in the
liberated areas, where our people are increasingly the masters
of their own destiny: this is fundamental to our armed struggle.
However, in order to give you a fuller understanding of the cur-
rent situation, I should like to go back to some of the essential
factors that confronted us at the outset of our struggle.
Our country is unique in the African continent. We are in a flat
part of Africa. The country divides basically into two regions:
the coastal region and the interior. The coastal region, covered
by rivers and swamps, extends as far as Mansoa, which is about
60 km from Bissau, and is characterized, from north to south, by
forests and rice fields. The interior, from Mansoa to the eastern
border, is lightly wooded savannah with occasional rivers. There
are no mountains at all. Our people call the hills in Boé region,
in the southeast, mountains, because in Guinea we don’t really
know what mountains are.
Another point is that our country is very small, only the size
of Switzerland or Belgium. It is important to consider these geo-
graphical aspects of Guinea in relation to the liberation struggle
because, as you know, the manuals of guerrilla warfare gener-
ally state that a country has to be of a certain size to be able to
create what is called a base, and, further, that mountains are the
best place to develop guerrilla warfare. Obviously, we don’t have
those conditions in Guinea, but this did not stop us beginning
our armed liberation struggle.
I would like to make it clear that we took up this struggle only in
answer to the violent oppression of our people by the Portuguese
colonialists. We are not fighting because we are a warlike people,
or because we think armed struggle is the only means. In some cir-
cumstances, however, it may be the only means, and even the best
means. It all depends on the particular conditions of the country
involved. What we did was to establish a strategy based on the
principle: “Start from the actual conditions of Guinea,” the geo-
graphical, social, historical, political, and economic conditions.
Basing ourselves on this principle, we studied our social