Reviewer CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS.pptx

LET Reviewer pertaining to Child and Development. A LET Reviewer refers to a study material or guide used by individuals preparing for the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) in the Philippines. The LET is a national examination for individuals who wish to become licensed teachers in the country.

The LET Reviewer typically includes practice questions, sample exams, and summaries of key concepts related to the subjects covered in the exam, such as: General Education (Gen Ed) - This includes subjects like English, Filipino, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies.
Professional Education - This covers topics like teaching methods, educational psychology, and classroom management.
Specialized Subjects - Depending on the applicant's area of specialization (elementary, secondary, or subject-specific fields), this section focuses on the knowledge needed for teaching in specific disciplines.
The goal of a LET Reviewer is to help candidates understand the exam format, identify areas they need to improve, and increase their chances of passing the exam. Many LET review materials are available in bookstores, online platforms, or through review centers specializing in teacher licensure preparation. Child development is a complex and fascinating process that encompasses various stages from infancy to adolescence. Each stage brings unique challenges, milestones, and opportunities for growth. Understanding these stages can help parents, educators, and caregivers provide appropriate support and guidance to children as they navigate their journey towards adulthood. General Education (Gen Ed) - This includes subjects like English, Filipino, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies.
Professional Education - This covers topics like teaching methods, educational psychology, and classroom management.
Specialized Subjects - Depending on the applicant's area of specialization (elementary, secondary, or subject-specific fields), this section focuses on the knowledge needed for teaching in specific disciplines.
The goal of a LET Reviewer is to help candidates understand the exam format, identify areas they need to improve, and increase their chances of passing the exam. Many LET review materials are available in bookstores, online platforms, or through review centers specializing in teacher licensure preparation. Evaluation of growth and development is a crucial element in the physical examination of a patient. Good working knowledge and the skill to evaluate growth and development are necessary for any patient's diagnostic workup. The early recognition of growth or developmental failure helps effective intervention in managing a patient's problem. This activity reviews the various aspects of human growth and development and highlights the interprofessional team's role in assessing the kids for growth and developmental delay.

1. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES LET REVIEW FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS LOUIE L. ALVAREZ Part Time College Instructor

2. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #1 STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT 1. INFANCY (birth-2 years old) - child is totally dependent on the caregiver for the fulfillment of needs 2. CHILDHOOD (2-8 years old-early childhood; 9-12 years old-middle childhood)-child refines his skills he learned in earlier years, from basic to more complex skills; he also learns new skills 3. ADOLESCENCE (12-18 years old) - stage is marked by puberty 4. ADULTHOOD (above 18 years of age)- individual has reached maturity

3. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #2-3 DOMAINS OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT 1. PHYSICAL DOMAIN a. Physical Development - includes growth of the body size and proportions b. Motor Development-refers to increasing amount of control that a child has over his body c. Adaptive Development-refers to the ability of a child to do age-appropriate life skills in which he adapts to the environment

4. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #2-3-4 2. COGNITIVE DOMAIN - about changes and progression in the thought processes; Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development a. Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years) b. Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) c. Concrete Operational Stage (7-12 years) d. Formal Operational Stage (12 years-above)

5. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #2-3-4

6. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #2-3-4

7. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #2-3-4

8. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #2-3-4

9. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #2-3-4 3. PSYCHOSOCIAL DOMAIN - emotions, personality and social relationships a. Social Development - all about child’s relationships with the different of people b. Emotional Development - refers to how a child’s emotions develop; how he understands and expresses his emotions;

10. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #5 Stages of Child Development Newborn - tooth formation is already in progress Infant - physical growth is very fast Toddler - 20 primary teeth have appeared Preschooler - manifesting gradual and steady physical growth as in the toddler School age - there is drastic, physical, cognitive and emotional changes; starts to assert independence at home and in school Adolescent - start of the puberty stage; go drastic physical, cognitive and emotional changes

11. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #5 Stages of Child Development Newborn - tooth formation is already in progress Infant - physical growth is very fast Toddler - 20 primary teeth have appeared Preschooler - manifesting gradual and steady physical growth as in the toddler School age - there is drastic, physical, cognitive and emotional changes; starts to assert independence at home and in school

12. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #6 CONSTRUCTIVISM THEORISTS John Dewey - Cognitive Constructivism Jean Piaget - Cognitive Development Theory Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Lev Vygotsky - Zone of Proximal Development Albert Bandura - Social Cognitive Theory/Bobo Doll Experiment

13. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #6 CONSTRUCTIVISM TYPES Cognitive Constructivism - learning is a personal process of constructing knowledge than passive acquisition Cognitive Development Theory - focused on the development rather than the process of learning specific information or behavior

14. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #6 CONSTRUCTIVISM TYPES Discovery Learning - student is given opportunities for problem solving Zone of Proximal Development-refers to the range of abilities an individual can perform with the guidance of an expert Social Cognitive Theory-the theory details the processes of observational learning and modeling (Bobo Doll Experiment), and the influence of self-efficacy on the production of behavior

15. LEARNING THEORIES (Cognitive Development) a. Behaviorism - also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning (e.g. - Ivan Pavlov’s salivating dog experiment Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas LEARNING THEORIES #7

16. b. Cognitivism - is a learning theory that focuses on the processes involved in learning rather than on the observed behavior. Gestalt roughly translates to the organization of something as a whole, that is viewed as more than the sum of its individual parts. It involves process of taking in information, and retrieving it to form new meanings Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas LEARNING THEORIES

17. c. Constructivism - is a theory in education that recognizes the learners' understanding and knowledge based on their own experiences prior to entering school. d. Humanism - is a progressive philosophy of life that, without theism or other supernatural beliefs, affirms our ability and responsibility to leade Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas LEARNING THEORIES

18. e. Connectivism - is the integration of principles explored by chaos, network, and complexity and self-organization theories Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas LEARNING THEORIES

19. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #8 SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES Oral Stage - the libido center’s in the mouth; sucking reflex is very important in feeding which stimulates the pleasure of sucking and tasting; development of trust and comfort Anal Stage - the libido is centered in the anus and bowel movement; toilet training; controlling bodily needs leading to sense of accomplishment and independence Phallic Stage-libido is in the genitals; children begin to realize the difference between males and females

20. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #8 SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES Latency Stage - children are engaged to social activities and develop social and intellectual skills; libido becomes dormant focusing on non-sexual activities Genital Stage - libido becomes active again which can be fulfilled through relationship towards opposite sex; personality and social development will depend on what has been experienced on the first three stages

21. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #9 ERIK HOMBURGER ERIKSON’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

22. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #10 MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS -Theory for Motivation and Self-Regulation

23. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #11 Learning Styles A. VISUAL LEARNERS Learners easily learn best when concepts are presented using graphic organizer. Images, charts and graphs allow them to see connections easily B. AUDITORY LEARNERS Learners who are good listeners. They learn best when information are spoken rather than read C. READ/WRITE LEARNERS Learners prefer to process information through reading and are successful in writing

24. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #11 Learning Styles D. KINESTHETIC LEARNERS Learners like physical tasks rather than listening to lectures or watching educational clips

25. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #12 Adaption Processes ASSIMILATION - process of fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas, perceptions and understanding ACCOMODATION - process of revising our existing schemas, perceptions and understanding in order to incorporate new information EQUILIBRATION-state when a child’s existing schemas can explain what it can perceive around it

26. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #13

27. Lemery Colleges, Inc. Bonifacio St., Brgy . Bagong Sikat , Lemery , Batangas #14 A.Freud’s Psychosexual Stages - believes that each stage has a specific part of the human body for stimulation and pleasure seeking B.Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development-successful completion of a stage means acquisition of basic virtue C.Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory-learning occurs in a dynamic social context and interaction D.Skinner-Style Learning Theory - associating behavior with consequences