RIZAL'S LIFE AND WORKS REPORT IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

THE LIFE OF RIZAL

1. Chapter 7 PARIS TO BERLIN (1885-1887)

2. After completing his studies in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology. He served as assistant to the famous oculist of Europe, he also wanted to continue his observation of the European nations in Berlin, Paris, Leipzig and Heidelberg. He met and befriended to top German scientist. * Dr. Feodor Jagor * Dr. Adolf B. Meyer * Dr. Hans Meyer * Dr. Rudolf Virchow

3. “In Gay Paris (1885-1886)” Rizal who was then 24 years old and already a physician, decided to go to Paris. On his way to Paris, he stopped at Barcelona to visit Maximo Viola, who is a medical student and a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan. Befriended Senor Eusebio Corominas , editor of La Publicidad. He made a crayon sketch of Miguel Morayta , the owner of La Publicidad. He submitted an article to Editor Corominas on the Carolines Question

4. November 1885- Rizal stayed for 4 months and worked as an assistant of Dr. Louis de Weckert (1852-1906). January 01, 1886- Rizal rapidly improved his knowledge of ophthalmology. Rizal also visits his friend such as the Family of Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo (Trinidad, Felix, and Paz). He helped Juan Luna posing in some Luna’s painting.

5. The death of Cleopatra The Blood Compact

6. “Rizal as a musician” Rizal had no natural aptitude for music, be he studied music because many of his schoolmates in Ateneo does He even composed some songs particularly “Alin Mang Lahi ” a patriotic song and a sad danza “La Deportacion ”(Deportation)

7. “In historic of Heidelberg” February 01, 1886- Rizal left Paris for Germany and visited Strasbourg (capital of Alsace Lorraine and other Germany Towns) February 03, 1886- Rizal arrived on Heidelberg. He also works at the University Eye Hospital under direction of Dr. Otto Becker and attended lectures of Dr. Becker and Wilhelm Kuehne at the University .

8. “ to the flower of Heidelberg” Rizal was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the cool bank of the Neckar River. Light Blue “Forget me not” April 22, 1886- he wrote a fine poem entitled “ A Las Flores de Heidelberg”

9. With Pastor Ulmer at Wilhemsfeld After writing “To the Flower of Heidelberg, Rizal stayed at vicarage of a kind Protestant Pastor, Dr. Karl Ulmer. His pleasant personality and talents in languages and sketching endeared him to the pastor’s wife, who was a good cook and have two children Etta(daughter) and Fritz (son). June 25, 1886- Rizal felt the pangs of sadness when he ended his sojourn.

10. “first letter to Blumentritt ” July 31, 1886- Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt , Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz , Austria. Rizal sent a book which he mentioned in his letter Aritmetica (Arithmetic), was written in two languages Spanish and Tagalog by the University of St. Tomas Press in 1868. The author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez. August 06, 1886- university of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary .

11. In Leipzig and dresden August 09, 1886- Rizal left the city of Heidelberg. August 14, 1886- Rizal arrived at Leipzig and attended some lecture at the University of Leipzig. He befriended Professor Friedrich Ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer. In Leipzig, Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from German into Tagalog .

12. Rizal also translated into Tagalog the Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales for his nephews and nieces. October 29, 1886- he left Leipzig for Dresden, where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer November 01, 1886- Rizal left Dresden by train an reach Berlin that evening .

13. Rizal welcomed in berlin’s scientific circles He met for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor , celebrated German Scientist-Traveler and Author of Travels in the Philippines. (1869-1860)- Dr. Jagor visited the Philippines. Dr. Jagor introduced Rizal to Dr. Rudolf Virchow, a famous German anthropologist and its son, Dr. Hans Virchow, a professor of Descriptive Anatomy, he also met Dr. W. Joest a geographer.

14. Rizal worked in the clinic of Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger . He became a member of the Anthropological society, Ethnological society and Geographical society of Berlin upon the recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer. Dr. Virchow acknowledge that Rizal is genius, he also invited to give a lecture before the Ethnographic Society of Berlin. Rizal wrote a scholarly paper in German entitled Taglische Verkunst in April 1887.

15. Rizal’s life in berlin Rizal went to Berlin not as a student or a curious tourist, He lived in the famous city for 5 reasons: To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology. To further his studies od sciences and languages. To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nations To associate with famous German scientist and scholars. To publish his novel “ Noli Me Tanggere ”

16. He led a methodical and frugal life in Berlin. By day, he worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Schweigger . At night, he attends lectures in the University of Berlin. He wanted to master French, so he took private lessons under Professor of French Madame Lucie Cerdole . He spent his leisure moments touring the countryside around Berlin, he also enjoyed promenading along Under den Linden, the most popular boulevard in Berlin.

17. Rizal on german women March 11, 1886- Rizal has important letter for Trinidad that he expressed his high admiration for German Womanhood. He described them as diligent, educated, and friendly, they are not gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome like the Spanish Women. He regretted that in the Philippines the women are more interested in how they dress than in how much they know but he praised their devotion and hospitality.

18. German customs Christmas Customs of the German delighted him the most. Another German customs is that Rizal observed was the self-introduction to strangers. According to German code of etiquette it is bad manner for a guest to remain aloof and wait for his host to make the proper introduction .

19. Rizal’s darkest winter The winter of 1886 in Berlin- was by the darkest winter for Rizal. He lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba, and he was broke, he even had to save up to eat only one meal a day, that consisted of bread and water. Rizal starved in Berlin and shivered in wintry cold, his health broke down, never had he suffered such physical blows of poverty, so that his soul cried out in despair.

20. Chapter 8 NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN

21. The bleak winter of 1886 was memorable in the life of Jose Rizal for 2 reasons: It was painful for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city. It brought him great joy because his first novel NOLI ME TANGERE came the press in March, 1887. Like Santa Claus, Dr. Maximo Viola, his friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the height of his despondency and loaned him the needed funds to publish novels.

22. Idea of writing a novel in the Philippines His reading of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s cabin inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants. January 2, 1884- he opened the idea of writing a novel about the Philippines in a reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence in Madrid.

23. Idea of writing a novel in the Philippines All voted to do so, among whom were Pedro, Maximino and Antonio Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena , Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete , Julio Llorente , Melecio Figueroa and Valentine Ventura. *The project did not materialize because those compatriots who were expected to collaborate on the novel did not write anything. *They wanted to write on women, something that disgusted Rizal. Thus, he decided to write the novel alone.

24. The writing of the noli Towards the end of 1884 he began writing Noli Me Tangere in Madrid and finished about one half of it. He wrote one half of the second half of it in Paris in 1885 He finished the last fourth of the novel in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of Noli in Wilhemsfield in April-June 1886. He made the final revisions in Berlin in 1886. But in a momentary fit of desperation, he almost threw the manuscript into the flames – he was hungry and sick this time.

25. Viola, the savior of noli February 21, 1887- the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing. Together with viola he went to different printing shops in Berlin to survey the cost of printing. They decided to print in Berliner Buchdruckei -Action- Gesselchaft -they charged the lowest prize- 300 pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel.

26. Rizal suspected as French spy One morning the chief of police of Berlin paid a visit to Jose and asked him for a passport. During those days travelling outside the country without a passport is possible. Jose was given 4 days to produce a passport or else he will be deported.

27. Rizal suspected as French guy With Maximo Viola, they went to the Spanish embassy to seek the help of the Spanish ambassador, the Count of Benomar . Unfortunately, although the count promise he would help, it turns out he has no power to produce a passport of Rizal. Being unable to provide a passport after 4 days, he went to the office of the German police chief and apologized for not being able to produce a passport and asked why he was not to be deported when he did not commit a crime.

28. Rizal suspected as a French spy Apparently, his travelling to the towns and rural areas arouse German government’s suspicion that he is a French spy. Back then the relation between France and Germany is strained on account of Alsace- Lorraine. He was Able to prove to them that he is not spy but a Filipino doctor and scientist particularly an ethnologist, thus it imperative for him to observe the customs and lifestyle of their simple inhabits.

29. PRINTING OF THE NOLI FINISHED March 21, 1887- the Noli Me Tangere came of the press. He gave copies of it to his close friends, including Bluementritt , Dr. Antonio Ma, Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena , Mariano Ponce and Felix R. Hidalgo. March 29, 1887- he gave Viola the galley proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the pen that he used in writing it and a complimentary copy.

30. Printing of the noli finished The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means Touch me not - he took it from the Bible. * Taken from the book of St. Luke according to Rizal * But in reality this is from the book of St. John Chapter 20:13-17 He dedicated the book to the Philippines “ To my Fatherland ”

31. Synopsis of the noli The novel contains 63 chapters and an epilogue . It began with the reception given by Capitan Tiago (Santiago de Los Santos) at his house in Calle Anloague (now Juan Luna St.) for Crisistomo Ibarra, who came back to the Philippines after seven years of study in Europe. Crisostomo Ibarra is the son of Don Rafael Ibarra, the friend of Capitan Tiago and the fiancé of Maria Clara, Capitan Tiago’s supposed daughter .

32. Sypnosis of the noli (some characters) Crisostomo Ibarra Maria Clara Padre Damaso - the Spanish priest of San Diego for 20 years. Padre Sybila - the young Dominican Priest of Binondo . Senor Guevara- an elderly and kind lieutenant if the Guardia Civil. Don Tiburcio de Espadana - the bogus Spanish physician and husband of Dona Victoria Padre Salvi- the new Franciscan Spanish priest of San Diego.

33. Synopsis of the noli (some characters) Tasio - the wise old man. The progressive school teacher. The spineless gobernadorcillo , who catered the wishes of the Spanish parish friar. Don Filipo Lino – the teniente mayor and leader of the liberal faction in the town. Don Melchor- the captain of the cudrilleros . Don Basilio and Don Valentin- the former gobernadorcillos who were prominent citizens.

34. Sypnopsis of the noli (some characters) Sisa - a formerly rich girl who became poor because she married a gambler and a wastrel at that, she became insane. Basilio and Crispin- her 2 sons Aunt Isabel- Capitan Tiago’s sister who took care of Maria Clara when her mother died The merry Sinang , the grave Victoria , the beautiful Iday , and the thoughtful Neneng - Maria Clara’s friends. Capitana Tika - Sinang’s mother.

35. Synopsis of the noli (some characters) Andeng - Maria Clara’s foster sister Albino - the theological student who was inlove with Sinang . Elias - the strong and silent peasant youth; the boatman Don Alfonso Linares de Espadana - cousing of Don Tiburcio and godson of Padre Damaso’s brother in law.

36. Synopsis of the noli (some characters) It has an epilogue which recounted what happens to the other characters. The novel ends with Mariaa Clara, an unhappy nun in Sta. Clara nunnery, forever lost to the world

37. The noli based on truth The Noli was a true story based on the conditions of the Philippines during the last decades of Spanish rule Ibarra and Elias in Rizal himself Maria Clara- Leonor Rivera Tasio - Paciano Padre Salvi- Padre Antonia Piernavieja , the hated Augustinian friar in Cavite.

38. The noli based on truth Capitan Tiago- Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas Dona Victorina- Dona Augustina Medel Basilio and Crispin- The Crisostomo Brothers of Hagonoy Padre Damaso - represented all the friars of Spanish time.

39. Missing chapter of noli Economic was the reason why the chapter about Elias and Salome was deleted, the lesser the pages the cheaper the print cost It is all about the short story of Salome and Elias His friends hailed the novel, praising it glowing colors The enemies condemned it

40. Missing chapter of noli Bluementritt - “ your work has been written with the blood of the heart” Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- “if Quixote immortalized its author, your Noli will bring you a equal glory”