Rna

RNA is the nucleic acid that helps in protein synthesis

1. RNA Md Ekramuddin

2. Types of necleic acids

3. Building Block

4. Sugar

5. Nitrogenous base

6. Bases Adenine Guanine

7. Nucleoside and Nucleotide

8. General Features Single stranded If complementary bases some portion shows double strand forming hairpin/loop structure Uracil present instead of thymine Usually present in cytoplasm General function is to participate in protein synthesis Unstable in most cases

9. Types of RNA

10. 3 mRNA Messenger and largest RNA carries codons Simple linear form Monocistronic in eukaryotes, polycistronic in prokaryotes Contain 5’leader and 3’trailer sequence Formed from hnRNA in eukaryotes

11. tRNA Transfer RNA as carries amino acids to site of protein synthesis Smallest(~70-90nts) RNA and called sRNA Three dimensional form Have 4 arms and one variable loop Arms are- DHU or D arm, TC arm, anticodon arm and adapter(5’CCA3’ arm)

12. rRNA Ribosomal RNA Found to form ribosomes Form nucleolus in eukaryotes Forms secondary hair-pin loop structure In ribosomes of prokaryotes- 5S,16S,23S In ribosomes of eukaryotes- 5S,5.8S,18S,28S rRNA

13. rRNA in ribosomes

14. Other forms of RNA snRNA -small nuclear RNA- forms snRNP and involved in splicing of introns in eukaryotes snoRNA -small nucleolar RNA(involves maturation and assembly of ribosomal RNA) siRNA -small interfering RNA or micro RNA( miRNA ) hnRNA -primary transcript in eukaryotes(hetero- genous nuclear RNA) Catalytic RNA or ribozymes-peptidyl transferase (etc) gRNA -guide RNA required for RNA editing tmRNA -transfer-messenger RNA in bacteria having dual properties of mRNA and tRNA